CRUCIFERAE. 451 



in fruit; pods 2.5-4 cm. long, 6-io-seeded, nearly cylindric when fresh, constricted 

 between the seeds when dry, tipped with a conic beak 1-2 cm. long. In fields and 

 waste places, Penn. to Out. and N. B. Introduced also in Br. Col. Nat. from 

 Europe. Summer. 



2. Raphanus sativus L. GARDEN RADISH. (I. F. f. 1708.) Simitar to the 

 last, but flowers pink or white. Root deep, fusiform or napiform, fleshy. Pods 

 fleshy, 2-3-seeded, not longitudinally grooved, often equalled or exceeded by the 

 long conic beak. Cultivated and occasionally spontaneous for a year or two in 

 gardens or fields, rarely in waste places. Natives of Asia. June-Oct. 



16. BARBAREA R. Br. 



Erect glabrous biennial or perennial branching herbs, with angled stems, pin- 

 natifid leaves, and racemose yellow flowers. Stamens 6. Silique elongated, 

 linear, 4-angled. Valves keeled or ribbed. Style short. Seeds in i row in each 

 cell, flat, oblong, marginless; cotyledons accumbent. [Name from St. Barbara.] 

 About 6 species, natives of the temperate zones. 



Pods obtusely 4-angled, slender-pedicelled ; leaf-segments 1-4 pairs. 



Pods divergent or ascending. i. B. Barbarea. 



Pods erect, appressed. 2. B. stricta. 



Pods sharply 4-angled, stout-pedicelled ; leaf-segments 4-8 pairs. 3. B. praecox. 



1. Barbarea Barbarea (L.) MacM. YELLOW ROCKET OR CRESS. (I. F. f. 

 1709.) Tufted; stems 3-6 dm. high. I^wer leaves petioled, 5-13 cm. long, pinnat- 

 ifid; terminal division much larger than the 1-4 pairs of lateral ones, all oval or 

 obovate ; upper leaves sessile or nearly so; flowers 6-8 mm. broad ; pods spread- 

 ing or ascending, about 2.5 cm. long, obscurely 4-angled; pedicels about 4 mm. 

 long. In fields and waste places, Lab. to Va. and locally in the interior. Also on 

 the Pacific coast. Nat. from Europe. April-June. 



2. Barbarea stricta Andrz. ERECT-FRUITED WINTER CRESS. (I. F. f. 

 1710.) Similar to the preceding. Lateral segments of the leaves comparatively 

 larger ; pods obtusely or obscurely 4-angled. about 2.5 cm. long, erect and ap- 

 pressed against the rachis of the raceme on erect or ascending slender pedicels. In 

 fields and waste places, Quebec to Minn., the N. W. Terr., Fla. and Neb. Nat. 

 from Europe. April-June. 



3. Barbarea praecox ( J. E. Smith) R. Br. EARLY WINTER OR BELLE ISLE 

 CRESS. (I. F. f. 1711.) Closely resembles the last species. Divisions of the leaves 

 more numerous; pods sharply 4-sided, slightly compressed, 3-8 cm. long, on stout 

 pedicels. In waste places, S. N. Y. to Fla. Adventive from Europe. April-June. 



17. IODA'NTHUS T. & G. 



A glabrous erect perennial herb, with dentate leaves auricled at the base, or the 

 lower and basal ones lyrate-pinnatifid, and violet or white flowers in panicled ra- 

 cemes. Sepals much shorter than the petals, the inner ones slightly gibbous at the 

 base. Petals long-clawed. Style stout; stigma subcapitate. Silique linear-cylindric, 

 somewhat constricted between the seeds. Seeds oblong, rounded, in i row in each 

 cell. Cotyledons accumbent. [Greek, violet-colored flower.] A monotypic genus 

 of S. N. Am. 



i. lodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx. ) Steud. PURPLE OR FALSE ROCKET. 

 (I. F. f. 1712.) Stem slender, 3-10 dm. high. Lower leaves ovate or oblong (oc- 

 casionally cordate), 0.5-2 dm. long, dentate, tapering into a margined petiole which 

 is clasping and auriculate at the base, the lower part of the blade often pinnatifid 

 into 2-6 pairs of small segments; stem-leaves similar or merely dentate, narrower, 

 sometimes ovate -lanceolate, the upper nearly sessile; flowers numerous, 6-8 mm. 

 broad; pedicels spreading, 2-4 cm. long in fruit; pods linear, 4-6 mm. long, I mm. 

 wide, spreading or ascending; style 2 mm. long. On river banks, W. Penn. to 

 Minn., Tenn., Kans., La. and Tex. May-June. 



18. RORIPA Scop. 



Branching herbs, with simple or pinnate lobed dissected or rarely entire leaves. 

 Sepals spreading. Stamens 1-6. Pods short or elongated, terete or nearly so. 

 Stipe none. Valves generally i -nerved. Style short or slender. Stigma 2-lobed 



