VIOLA CEAE. 635 



Leaves hastate-lanceolate or hastate-ovate. 33. V. hastata. 



Leaves broadly ovate or reniform. 



Plant pubescent or villous ; basal leaves early withering. 



34. F. pubescens. 

 Plant sparsely pubescent or glabrate; basal leaves usually persistent. 



35. V. scabrtitscula. 

 Flowers blue, purple, white or cream-colored. 



Stipules entire. 36. V. Canadensis. 



Stipules incised or pinnatifid. 



Perennial ; stipules much smaller than the blades. 



Petals cream-colored, the lower one purple-veined. 37. V. striata. 

 Petals blue or purple, rarely white. 



Spur of corolla shorter than the petals. 



Stems spreading; plant glabrous; leaves acutish. 



38. V. Labradorica. 

 Stems spreading; plant puberulent; leaves rounded. 



39. V. arenaria. 

 Stems prostrate; plant puberulent; leaves orbicular, often mottled. 



40. V, multicaulis. 

 Spur of corolla longer than the petals. 41. V. rostrata. 



Annual; stipules nearly as large as the blades. 



Flowers 16-25 mm - broad ; plant escaped from cultivation. 



42. V. tricolor. 

 Flowers 8-16 mm. broad; plant native, growing in dry ground. 



43. ?'. Rafinesquii. 



1. Viola palmata L. EARLY BLUE VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2484.) Pubescent, or 

 rarely nearly glabrous; petioles greatly exceeding the blades, the latter cordate- 

 ovate in outline, 5-i3-lobed. 3-15 cm. long when mature, the earliest merely cre- 

 nate-dentate; lobes variously shaped, the middle one commonly broadest; scapes 

 rarely exceeding the leaves; sepals lanceolate, acute or acuminate; petals deep 

 blue, sometimes pale, 1-2.5 cm - ^ on g? capsules 8-12 mm. long, those from the cleis- 

 togamous flowers on horizontal or deflexed peduncles. In woodlands, Me. to Ont., 

 Minn., Ga. and Ark. April-May. 



Viola palmata dilatita Ell. Leaves with most of the blades 3-lobed, the middle lobe 

 ovate, the lateral subfalcate or semicircular. Range of the type, but more common south- 

 ward. 



Viola palmata sor6ria (Willd.) Pollard. (I. F. f. 2489.) Leaves villous, the blades 

 from ovate to hastate-reniform, rarely lobed, the margins crenate. (V. sororia Willd.) 

 Range of the type. 



2. Viola Brittoniana Pollard. COAST VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2485.) Nearly or 

 quite glabrous; petioles much exceeding the blades, the latter pedately divided into 

 linear or oblanceolate acute lobes; scapes exceeding the foliage, 1-2 dm. high; 

 sepals lanceolate, acuminate; flowers bright blue, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad; capsules ob- 

 long, 12 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles. Sandy 

 soil near the coast, Mass, to N. Car. May-June. \V. Atlantica Britton, not 

 Pomel.] 



3. Viola pedatifida Don. PRAIRIE VIOLET. (I. F. f. 2486.) Glabrous or 

 glabrate, with a short ascending rootstock; leaves with blades 2-8 cm. wide, pe- 

 dately 5-Q-parted into linear, obtuse lobes, their margins and midveins ciliate; 

 scapes usually exceeding the leaves; flowers deep blue, 2.5 cm. broad or more; 

 sepals linear or lanceolate ; capsules 10-12 mm. long, those from the cleistogamous 

 flowers on short erect peduncles. Prairies, 111. to Br. Col. and Ariz. March - 

 May. Forms occur in which the leaves are merely slightly lobed. 



4. Viola Bernard! Greene. BERNARD'S VIOLET. Pubescent or glabrate 

 from a nearly vertical rootstock; leaf- blades broadly ovate, flabelliform, lobed. 

 or more often palmately cleft into 5-11 variously shaped segments, the middle 

 usually the largest, these again lobed or incised, all obtuse; scapes equalling or ex- 

 ceeding the foliage; flowers 2.5-4 cm. wide, bright blue; sepals lanceolate, ciliate; 

 petals broadly oval; capsules oval, those from the cleistogamous flowers on de- 

 cumbent peduncles. Dry woods, 111. and Wis. to Mo. May. 



5. Viola viarum Pollard, n. sp. WAYSIDE VIOLET. Glabrous, growing in 

 large clumps from a stout rootstock which becomes greatly elongated in loose soil ; 

 leaves firm, thick- petioled, the blades rugose-veined, broadly ovate or reniform in 



