944 FLORA. 



Southern N. Y. and eastern Penn. to N. S. and Ont. Fugitive from Europe. Native 

 also of Asia. Nat. in Cal. and Br. Col. April-Nov. 



27. TOWNSENDIA Hook. 



Tufted scapose or branching herbs, with alternate entire linear or spatulate 

 leaves and large heads of both tubular and radiate flowers. Involucre hemispheric 

 or broadly campanulate ; bracts imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Re- 

 ceptacle nearly flat. Ray-flowers pink or white, pistillate. Disk-flowers tubular, 

 mostly perfect, their corollas regular, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the 

 base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages lanceolate. Achenes of the disk- 

 flowers compressed, those of the rays commonly 3-angled. Pappus a single series 

 of rigid bristles or short scales. [Named for David Townsend, botanist of Phila- 

 delphia.] About 20 species, natives of western N. Am. 



Branching from the base ; heads terminal. i. T. grandiflora. 



Acaulescent, or nearly so; heads sessile among the leaves. 



Leaves narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, green, 2.5-5 mm - wide. 



2. T. intermedia. 

 Leaves narrowly linear or nearly so, canescent, 1-2 mm. wide. 



3. T. exscapa. 



1. Townsendia grandiflora Nutt. LARGE-FLOWERED TOWNSENDIA. (I. F. 

 f. 3725.) Perennial from a long woody root, branching at the base and sometimes 

 also above, pubescent, or at length glabrate, 5-20 cm. high. Leaves linear or 

 linear-spatulate, 37 cm, long, 3-6 mm. wide, canescent; heads 3-4 cm. broad, soli- 

 tary at the ends of the branches; involucre hemispheric, its bracts scarious-margined, 

 lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate; rays violet or purple; pappus of the ray- 

 flowers a crown of short scales, that of the disk-flowers of rigid bristles longer than 

 the achene. In dry soil, Neb. to Wyo. and N. Mex. May-Aug. 



2. Townsendia intermedia Rydb. n.sp. INTERMEDIATE TOWNSENDIA. 

 Acaulescent from a woody root but less branched than the next, 2-5 cm. high. 

 Leaves oblanceolate or rarely spatulate, mostly acute, green, finely strigose, or in age 

 glabrate; heads closely sessile, 1.5-3 cm - broad, surpassed by the leaves; involucre 

 broadly campanulate, its bracts broadly lanceolate, often tinged with purple, the 

 inner scarious-margined; rays rose-color or white; pappus as in the next. In dry 

 soil, Neb., Kans. and Colo. May-July. Type from TregoCo., Kans. 



3. Townsendia exscapa (Richards) Porter. SILKY OR Low TOWNSENDIA. 

 (I. F. f. 3726.) Acaulescent, or nearly so, from a deep woody root, tufted, 2-3 cm. 

 high. Leaves all clustered at the base, narrowly linear or slightly broader up- 

 ward, 2-5 cm. long, permanently strigose-canescent; heads closely sessile, 2-4 cm. 

 broad, equalled or surpassed by the leaves; involucre broadly campanulate, its 

 bracts lanceolate, acute, the inner scarious-margined; rays white or purplish ; pappus 

 of both ray and disk-flowers a row of rigid bristles, that of the rays shorter and 

 smaller. In dry soil, N. W. Terr, to Neb., Ariz, and N. Mex. April-July. 



28. CHAETOPAPPA DC. 



Annual slender much-branched herbs, with small alternate entire leaves, and 

 small long-peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers. Involucre nar- 

 rowly campanulate, its bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, imbricated in few 

 series, the outer slightly shorter. Receptacle small, naked. Ray -flowers in one 

 row, pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect, or the central ones staminate, their corollas 

 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches narrow, flattened, 

 their appendages short, obtuse. Achenes nearly terete, fusiform, or linear, 5-ribbed. 

 Pappus usually of 5 rigid awn-like scabrous bristles, alternating with as many short 

 scales or more. [Greek, bristle-pappus.] Two known species, natives of the central 

 and southwestern U. S. 



i. Chaetopappa asteroides DC. CHAETOPAPPA. (I. F. f. 3727.) Annual, 

 pubescent, erect, 5-30 cm. high, the branches filiform. Lower and basal leaves spatu- 

 late, obtuse, 1-2.5 cm. long, petioled, the upper linear, much smaller and bract- 

 like, sessile; heads about 6 mm. broad; involucre about 4 mm. high, its bracts 

 scarious-margined, glabrous or nearly so; rays 5-12, raised on slender tubes; cen- 

 tral sterile flowers usually awnless; shorter scales of the pappus of the fertile flowers 

 hyaline, sometimes lacerate. Dry soil, Mo. to Tex. and northern Mex. April-July, 



