COMPOSITAE. 971 



sparingly hispid on the veins beneath, the lower usually sessile, the upper larger, 

 oblong- lanceolate, acute, 5-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide; heads few, about 25 mm. 

 broad, in a divergently branched terminal corymbose cluster; involucre 4-6 mm. 

 high, its bracts oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, sparingly pubescent; rays 8-15, white; 

 style appendages subulate; achenes nerved, glabrous. In dry, usually rocky soil 

 Mass, to N. Y., Penn. and Tenn. Aug.-Sept. 



38. IONACTIS Greene. 



Low, mostly branching, perennial herbs with numerous narrow entire I -nerved 

 leaves, and rather large and showy heads of tubular and radiate flowers terminat- 

 ing the stem and branches. Basal leaves none. Involucral bracts coriaceous, im- 

 bricated in several series, appressed, their tips not herbaceous. Ray-flowers nor- 

 mally violet, pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect, the corolla with a campanulate 

 limb. Achenes villous. Pappus double, the inner series of long capillary bristles, 

 the outer much shorter. [Greek, violet rays. ] Three known species, of N. Am. 



I. lonactis linariifolius (L.) Greene. STIFF OR SAVORY-LEAVED ASTER. 

 (I. F. f. 3832.) Stems tufted, stiff, puberulent or scabrous, very leafy, corym- 

 bosely branched above, 1.5-6 dm. high. Leaves linear or spatulate, spreading, 

 l-nerved, rigid, entire, rough, usually ciliolate on the margins, mucronulate, 18-35 

 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, sessile, those of the branches much smaller and some- 

 what appressed; heads several, terminating the branchlets, about 25 mm. broad; 

 involucre broadly turbinate, its bracts linear-lanceolate, keeled, green on the back, 

 the inner obtuse, the outer usually acute; rays 10-15, violet, rarely white, 8-10 

 mm. long; pappus tawny; achenes silky. In dry or rocky soil, Newf. to Quebec 

 and Fla., west to Minn., Mo. and Tex. July-Oct. 



39. BACCHARIS L. 



Dioecious shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small paniculate or corymbose 

 heads of tubular flowers. Involucre campanulate in our species, its bracts imbri- 

 cated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, naked, commonly fove- 

 olate. Corolla of the pistillate flowers slender, that of the staminate tubular, 

 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches narrow or sub- 

 ulate, those of the fertile flowers smooth, exserted, those of the sterile flowers rudi- 

 mentary, tipped with an ovate pubescent appendage. Achenes more or less com- 

 pressed, ribbed. Pappus of the fertile flowers copious, capillary, that of the sterile 

 flowers short. [Named for Bacchus; originally applied to some different shrubs.] 

 About 275 species, all American, most abundant in S. Am. Besides the following, 

 some 18 others occur in the southern and western U. S. 



Shrubs; pappus of fertile flowers in i or 2 series. 



Leaves oblong, or lance-oblong:, mostly obtuse, sparingly dentate. 



T. B. salicina. 



Leaves deltoid-obovate, cuneate, spatulate, or oblong, the lower coarsely dentate. 

 Heads in numerous terminal clusters. 2. B. halimifolia. 



Heads clustered m the axils of the leaves. 3. B. glomeruliflora. 



Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly acute, sparingly dentate. 



Herbaceous from a woody base ; pappus of fertile flowers in several series. 



5. B. Wrightii. 



1. Baccharis salicina T. & G. WILLOW BACCHARIS. (I. F. f. 3833.) A 

 glabrous glutinous much-branched shrub. 1-2 m. high, the branches ascending. 

 Leaves firm, more or less conspicuously 3 -nerved, narrowed into a cuneate subses- 

 sile base, 2-4 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide; heads in peduncled clusters of 1-7, the 

 involucre of both sterile and fertile ones campanulate, 5-6 mm. high, its bracts 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacute; pappus usually but a single series of 

 nearly white capillary bristles. Western Kans. and Colo, to Tex. May-July. 



2. Baccharis halimifolia L. GROUNDSEL-TREE OR -BUSH. PENCIL-TREE. 

 (I. F. f. 3834.) A branching glabrous shrub, 1-3 dm. high, the branchlets angled, 

 sometimes minutely scurfy. Leaves thick, those of the stem and larger branches 

 2-7 cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide, those of the branchlets oblanceolate. short-petioled or 

 sessile, entire, or few-toothed toward the apex; heads in terminal peduncled clus- 

 ters of 1-5, those of the sterile plant nearly globose when young, the bracts of thQ 



