76 



THE ORIGIN OF GYNANDROMORPHS. 



Von Siebold attempted to account for the gynandromorphs by the 

 assumption that an insufficient number of sperm entered the egg, 

 so that part of it lacked sufficient quantities of the male element. 

 It is true that recent discoveries (Nachtsheim) have shown that 

 more than one spermatozoon does usually enter the egg, but we can 

 not explain the results on this basis in the sense intended by von 

 Siebold. Von Siebold gave no clear account of the varietal character 

 of the male and female parts of the gynandromorph (see Boveri, 

 p. 286), and in consequence it is not possible from his account to 

 determine whether the male parts were like those of the Italian or 

 German parent. It remained for Boveri, after 47 years, to attempt 

 to make out, from the alcoholic remains of some of von Siebold's bees, 

 the character of these parts. 



In order to better present here the conditions in the gynandro- 

 morph, copies of Mehling's figures of the head of the normal bees 

 are reproduced in text-figure 64, a, of the drone, b of the worker, and c 



TEXT-FIGURE 64. 



of one of the gynandromorphs of von Siebold's bees. The com- 

 pound eyes of the drone are enormous in comparison with those of 

 the worker, and meet above at the top of the head. The three simple 

 eyes are, hi the drone, forward near the middle of the "face", but on 

 the top of the head in the worker. In the latter there is a tuft of long 

 hair on the top of the head. In the gynandromorph copied hi figure 64 

 the same approximate differences in the size of the compound eyes is 

 seen on the male and on the female side. Two of the simple eyes on 

 the drone side are low down, while the third, on the worker side, is 

 at the top of the head, where a small tuft of hair is also present. The 

 face of the worker is darker than that of the male, and the same difference 

 in color is seen in the gynandromorph. The antennae are larger in 

 the drone, and this difference, too, is manifest in the gynandromorph, 

 as is also the difference hi size of the jaws. Many other differences 



