THE ORIGIN OF GYNANDROMORPHS. 55 



No. 5485. October 18, 1916. C. B. Bridges. Text-figure 44 (diagram). 



Parentage. The mother was an XXY female, one of whose chromosomes 

 contained the genes for yellow and for white, the other X the gene for lethal 7. 

 The X chromosome of the father carried the genes for yellow, claret, vermilion, 

 and forked. 



Description. The gynandromorph was a yellow female, except that three- 

 quarters of the right eye was white in color and male, the remainder, which 

 was a perfect quarter sector of the eye, being red and female. Sections 

 showed normal ovaries to be present. 



Explanations. An egg containing the X chromosome with the genes for 

 yellow and for white was fertilized by the X sperm with the genes for yellow 

 and the three other recessive genes named above. Elimination of a paternal 

 chromosome occurred, leaving the yellow white X to determine the character of 

 the male parts, viz, the right eye, except for a triangular area of female tissue. 



y r* v f 



y w y w 



GYNANDROMORPHS OF COMPLEX TYPE. 

 No. 487. November 27, 1917. D. E. Lancefield. Text-figure 45 (drawing). 



Parentage. The mother was an XXY female homozygous for eosin and 

 miniature. The father was a wild male. 



Description. The distribution of male and female parts was very complex. 

 The entire head was female, as evidenced by its large size and by the color 

 of both eyes, which was eosin of the dark female type. The right dorsal part 

 of the thorax was female, as shown by its large size and the large size of 

 the bristles and of the wing, which was also wild-type and not miniature. 

 The only other female parts seemed to be the left ventral part of the thorax, 

 including left legs, since left foreleg carried no sex-comb. The other two 

 sectors of the thorax the right ventral and the left dorsal were male, as 

 proved by the smaller size of the parts themselves and of their bristles, and 

 even better by the presence of a sex-comb upon the right foreleg and of a 

 miniature wing of male size upon the left side. As the head was entirely 

 female, the abdomen seemed to be entirely male, except that the armature 

 seemed slightly different in the two sides of the penis. 



Explanations. An egg carrying an eosin miniature X (whether or not a 

 Y also is unknown) was fertilized by the X sperm carrying only wild-type 

 genes. Elimination of a paternal X occurred. The segmentation nuclei 

 descended from this same pair of male and female cells were distributed in a 

 regular but complex pattern. 



No. 941. December 15, 1914. C. B. Bridges. Text-figure 46 (diagram). 



Parentage. The parentage is somewhat uncertain, probably as follows: 

 The mother had one X with eosin, notch, tan, and vermilion, and the other 

 X wild-type. The father was eosin tan vermilion. 



Description. The gynandromorph was about half-and-half, but rather 

 complex in the distribution of male and female parts. The head was large, 

 therefore probably female. The eyes were alike and vermilion. The right 

 wing was a typical notch (female) but was only doubtfully larger than the 

 left. The abdomen was female in coloration anteriorly but male posteriorly. 



