THE ORIGIN OF GYNANDROMORPHS. 



107 



B 



TEXT-FIGURE 70. 



cases for mammals (roebuck and goat) and 5 for man as very probable. 

 To these Pick adds a later case by Uffreduzzi (1910) and one by 

 Gudernatsch (1911). The 5 cases found in swine by Pick are of 

 unusual interest. The external genitalia were entirely female or nearly 

 so. Within the abdomen were uterus and fallopian tubes (text-fig. 

 70) . In four of the cases an ovotestis was present on each side in the 



normal position of the ovary. In 

 the fifth case an ovary with a 

 small piece of testis was on one 

 side and a testis on the other. 

 The conditions here suggest at 

 least that the results are not due 

 to chromosomal 

 elimination, al- 

 though such an 

 interpretation 

 might be given. 

 If, for instance, 

 the gonads arise 

 at an early stage 

 from a single cell 



in which an anterio-posterior division occurred and the later mass of 

 cells was subsequently separated into right and left parts, the condi- 

 tions found might be realized. There is, however, a possibility that 

 here, as in cattle, a union between the chorions of the embryo in the 

 uterus might have brought about a more perfect freemartin than 

 develops in cattle when such a union occurs. (See Lillie.) 



Ritter described a pig in which on the right side a testis was present 

 and on the left an ovary. (Verh. phys. Med. Gesell. Wiirzburg, XIX, 

 1886). Harman more recently (1917) describes a cat with a testis 

 on one side and an ovary on the other. Neurgebauer has given a 

 large number of cases in man in which testes and ovaries have been 

 described in the same individual and in which the genitalia show many 

 anomalous relations. Amongst the large number of human hermaph- 

 rodites described there are probably a considerable number of 

 authentic cases where parts of both male and female genitalia were 

 combined in the same individual, but writing as late as 1911, Guder- 

 natsch states that hermaphroditism in the sense of separate ovaries 

 and testes has not been demonstrated in man. He describes a case 

 of an individual with female external genitalia and an abnormal testis 

 hi the right inguinal canal. 



The proof that hermaphroditism, so-called, in man is produced in 

 the same way as gynandromorphism in Drosophila can not be furnished 

 at present, because there is no probability of the difference in chromo- 

 some number being determined by histological study, owing to the 



