KEY TO TREES AND SHRUBS IN AUTUMN 



185 a Flowering aments or fruiting cones present on tree; 



winter buds usually % in. or more long, tapering; 

 inner bark not bitter Betula. p 14.2 



b Flowering aments or fruit not present; bark greenish- 

 gray ; winter buds usually % in. or more long, often 

 glossy Populus. p 139 



c Flowering aments and fruit not present; winter buds 



short, blunt; inner bark bitter 186 



1 86 a Tree; leaves mostly oblong with teeth somewhat in- 



curved Prunus serotina. p 169 



b Shrubs; leaves with teeth not usually incurved 



Prunus. p 169 



187 a Cylindrical flowering aments present; usually cone-like 



fruiting aments or nuts present 188 



b No flowering aments present; fruit wanting or not 



cone-like 190 



188 a Winter buds somewhat irregular, oblong, with few 



scales, often with short stalks Alnus. p 14.3 



b Winter buds more or less regular, with thin over- 

 lapping scales 189 



189 a Twigs not hairy; fruit of woody cylindrical aments 



Betula pumila. p 142 

 b Twigs hairy; fruit a nut enclosed by 2 bracts. Corylus. p 14.2 



190 a Shrub growing in salt marshes; fruit covered with 



white woolly hairs Baccharis. p 233 



b Shrubs or trees not completely as in a 191 



191 a Leaves comparatively thick, evergreen 192 



b Leaves comparatively thin, not evergreen 196 



192 a Shrub with thorns on the branches, sometimes planted 



for hedges Cotoneaster. p 167 



b Shrubs not with thorns on the branches 193 



193 a Leaves with spiny-toothed margins; fruit red.... I lex. p 181 

 b Leaves not with spiny-toothed margins 194 



194 a Leaves %-i in. long; cultivated shrub. .Ilex crenata. p 181 

 b Leaves i in. or more long 195 



195 a Leaves scurfy beneath Chamaedaphne. p 195 



b Leaves not scurfy beneath Leucothoe catesbaei. p 195 



196 a Fruit of dry capsules Vi in. or less long, present on 



shrub 197 



b Fruit wanting or not completely as in a 198 



197 a Capsules appearing on terminal branches; leaves obovate 



Clethra. p 194. 

 b Capsules appearing on lateral branches; leaves ovate 



Leucothoe racemosa. p 195 



198 a Shrubs or trees with thorns or spines 199 



b Shrubs or trees not with thorns or spines 203 



77 



