PIN ACE A E (PINE FAMILY) 



7 a Leaves less than 4 in. long 8 



b Leaves 4 in. or more long 9 



8 a Leaves about 3 in. long, twisted, light green; cultivated 



tree SCOTCH PINE. (P. sylvtstris*) 



b Leaves usually less than 3 in. long, dark green; native 



tree SCRUB PINE. (P. virginiana.) 



9 a Cultivated tree; leaves much clustered at the ends of the 



branches; mature cones 2-3 in. long 



AUSTRIAN PINE. (P. austriaca.* ) 



b Native trees; mature cones usually 1-2 in. long 10 



10 a Some leaves in clusters of 3, others in 2's. 



YELLOW PINE. (P. echinata.) 

 b All leaves in clusters of 2 RED PINE. (P. resinbsa.) 



3 CfeDRUS. 



i a Leaves M>-% in. long; cones 2-3 in. long 



AFRICAN CEDAR. (C. atldntica*) 

 b Leaves 1-2 in. long; cones 3-5 in. long 



CEDAR OF LEBANON. (C. libani*) 



4 LARIX. 



i a Leaves about % in. long; cones about V-2 in. long 



TAMARACK. (L. lariana.) 

 b Leaves about i in. long; cones about i in. long 



EUROPEAN LARCH. (L. decidua.*) 



5 PlCEA. 



1 a Leaves V^-V^ in. long, crowded, appressed to branches 



ORIENTAL SPRUCE. (P. orientate.*) 

 b Leaves Vz-i in. long, not appressed to branches 2 



2 a Leaves bluish or whitish, strongly incurved on the 



younger branches BLUE SPRUCE. (P. pungens.*) 



b Leaves not completely as in a 3 



3 a Leaves usually %-i in. long; cones 4-6 in. long; culti- 



vated species NORWAY SPRUCE. (P. abies*) 



b Leaves usually about % in. long; cones 1-2 in. long; 



native species BLACK SPRUCE. (P. mariana.) 



6 TSUGA HEMLOCK. (T. canadensis.) 



7 ABIES. 



1 a Leaves pointed at apex 



CEPHALONIAN SILVER FIR. (A. cephalonica*) 

 b Leaves blunt or notched at apex 2 



2 a Leaves blue-green, usually glaucous on young branches, 



often 4-sided RED FIR. (A. nbbilis*) 



b Leaves dark green and shining above, whitish beneath. . 3 



3 a Native tree; leaves about % in. long; mature cones 2-4 



in. long BALSAM FIR. (A. balsamea.) 



b Cultivated trees; leaves usually more than % in. long; 



mature cones 4-6 in. long 4 



108 



