GENUS 2. 



BORAGE FAMIL\ 



3. Cynoglossum boreale Fernald. North- 

 ern Wild Comfrey. Fig. 3510. 



Cynoglossum boreale Fernald, Rhodora 7 : 250. 1906. 



Similar to the preceding species, the stem 

 more slender, villous below, appressed-pubescent 

 above. Upper leaves clasping the stem ; lower and 

 basal leaves oblong, acute or acutish, long-peti- 

 oled ; racemes few, the flowers distant; calyx- 

 segments only about i" long at flowering time; 

 corolla 3"-4" broad; nutlets -z"-2\" long. 



Woods and banks, Quebec to Ontario, Connecticut, 

 New York and Minnesota. In our first edition in- 

 cluded in the preceding species, of which it may be 

 a northern race. May-June. 



3. LAPPULA [Rivin.] Moench, Meth. 416. 1794. 

 [ECHINOSPERMUM Sw. ; Lehm. Asperif. 113. 1818.] 



Annual or perennial rough-pubescent or canescent erect branching herbs, with alternate 

 narrow entire leaves, and small or minute blue or white flowers, in terminal bracted or 

 bractless racemes. Calyx deeply S-cleft or 5-parted, the segments narrow. Corolla salver- 

 form or funnelform, the tube very short, the throat closed by 5 scales, the lobes obtuse, 

 spreading, imbricated in the bud. Stamens included; filaments very short. Ovary 4-lobed; 

 style short. Nutlets 4, erect or incurved, laterally attached to the receptacle, at length 

 separating, the margins or backs armed with stout often flattened barbed prickles, the sides 

 usually papillose or tuberculate. [Diminutive of the Latin lappa, a bur.] 



About 40 species, .mostly natives of the north temperate zone. Besides the following, several 

 others occur in western North America. Type species : Lappula Myosdtis Moench. 



Racemes bracted; fruiting pedicels not deflexed. 



Prickles in 2 rows on the margins of the nutlets, distinct. i. L. Lappula. 



Prickles in i row on the margins, more or less confluent. 2. L. texana. 



Racemes bracted only at the base ; fruiting pedicels deflexed. 



Stem-leaves ovate-oblong, the basal cordate ; fruit globose. 3. L. virginiana. 



Leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate or linear ; fruit pyramidal. 



Flowers 3" -5" broad ; fruit about 3" broad. 4. L. floribunda. 



Flowers i"-z" broad; fruit about 2" broad. 5. L. deflexa. 



i. Lappula Lappula (L.) Karst. European Stickseed. Burseed. Fig. 3511. 



Myosotis Lappula L. Sp. PI. 131. 1753. 

 Lappula echinata Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. i: 25. 1781. 

 Lappula Myosotis Moench, Meth. 417. 1794. 

 Echinospermum Lappula Lehm. Asperif. 121. 1818. 

 Lappula Lappula Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 979. 1880-83. 



Annual, pale, leafy, hispid or appressed-pubes- 

 cent, branched, i-2 high, the branches erect. 

 Leaves linear, linear-oblong or the lowest spatu- 

 late, sessile or the lower narrowed into petioles, 

 ascending or erect, obtuse or obtusish at the apex, 

 $'-!$' long; racemes leafy-bracted, more or less 

 i-sided ; pedicels very short, stout, not deflexed 

 in fruit ; calyx-segments lanceolate, becoming 

 unequal and spreading; corolla blue, about i" 

 broad; fruit globose-oval, li" in diameter; the 

 nutlets papillose or also prickly on the back, the 

 margins armed with 2 rows of slender distinct 

 prickles. 



In waste places, Nova Scotia to British Columbia, 

 south to New Jersey and Kansas. Naturalized from 

 Europe. Native also of Asia. Stick-tight. Small 

 sheep-bur. May-Sept. 



