GENUS 38. 



FIGWORT FAMILY. 



223 



i. Elephantella groenlandica (Retz.) Rydb. 



Fig. 3854- 



P. groenlandica Retz. Fl. Scand. Ed. 2, 145. 1795- 

 Elephantella groenlandica Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Card. I : 

 363. 1900. 



Perennial, glabrous; stem simple, erect, i-ii high. 

 Leaves alternate, lanceolate in outline, acute or acumi- 

 nate, pinnately parted or the lower pinnately divided 

 into lanceolate, acute, crenulate or incised segments, 

 the upper sessile, the lower slender-petioled, 2'-6' long; 

 spike i '-6' long, very dense ; calyx 5-toothed, nearly as 

 long as the corolla-tube, the teeth short, acutish; co- 

 rolla red or purple, the galea produced into a filiform 

 beak 6"-8" long, which is decurved against the lower 

 lip and upwardly recurved beyond it; body of the 

 corolla 2i"-3" long; capsule obliquely ovate, about 

 3" long. 



In wet soil, Labrador, Greenland and Hudson Bay to 

 Athabasca, British Columbia, south in the Rocky Moun- 

 tains to New Mexico, and in the Sierra Nevada to Cali- 

 fornia. Summer. 



Long-beaked Pedicularis. 



39. RHINANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 603. 1753. 



Annual erect mostly branched herbs, with opposite leaves, and yellow blue violet or 

 variegated flowers, in terminal i-sided leafy-bracted spikes, or solitary in the upper axils. 

 Calyx compressed, 4-toothed, much inflated, membranous and conspicuously veiny in fruit. 

 Corolla very irregular, 2-lipped, the upper lip (galea) compressed, arched, minutely 2-toothed 

 below the entire apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, shorter, the lobes spreading. Stamens 4, didy- 

 namous, ascending under the galea; anthers pilose, the sacs obtuse at the base, transverse, 

 distinct. Capsule orbicular, flat, loculicidally dehiscent, several-seeded. Seeds nearly orbicu- 

 lar, winged. [Greek, nose-flower, from the beaked corolla.] 



About 3 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Type species : Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. 



i. Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Rattle. Rattle-box. Yellow or Penny Rattle. 



Fig. 3855. 



Rhinanthus Crista-galli L. Sp. PI. 603. 1753. 

 Rhinanthus minor Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 44. 1791. 



Glabrous, or pubescent above ; stem slender, usu- 

 ally branched, 6'-i8' high, the branches erect or 

 ascending. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 sessile, coarsely serrate-dentate, acute or obtuse, i '-2' 

 long, 2"-4" wide; bracts broader, ovate, or ovate- 

 lanceolate, incised-dentate, the teeth acuminate or 

 subulate-tipped ; flowers yellow, 6"-8" long ; corolla- 

 tube longer than the calyx, commonly with a purple 

 spot on one or both lips, the teeth of the upper lip 

 broad ; fruiting calyx ovate-orbicular, 4"-6" in diam- 

 eter; capsule orbicular, or broader, nearly as broad 

 as the calyx, very flat, not oblique, 



Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska and Oregon, 

 south to Quebec, the White Mountains of New Hamp- 

 shire, New York and in the Rocky Mountains to New 

 Mexico ; on the Atlantic Coast from Connecticut to New 

 Brunswick. Common in northern Europe and Asia. 

 Consists of several races, sometimes regarded as species, 

 differing in habit and in color of the corolla-lips. Called 

 yellow cockscomb, also rattle-bags. Penny-grass. Money-grass. June-Aug. 



Rhinthus major Ehrh., found many years ago in fields at Plymouth, Massachusetts, differs 

 in having the teeth of the upper corolla-lip elongated, its flowers somewhat larger. It is a native 

 of Europe. 



