GENUS 7. 



MADDER FAMILY 



9. Galium circaezans Michx. Wild 



Liquorice. Cross-Cleavers. 



Fig- 3936. 



G. circaezans Michx. FI. Bor. Am. i: 80. 1803. 



Galium circaezans glabellum Britton, Mem. Torr. 

 Club 5 : 303. 1894. 



Perennial, more or less pubescent, or gla- 

 brate, branched, i-2 high. Leaves in 4*5, 

 oval, oval-lanceolate or ovate, obtuse or ob- 

 tusish at the apex, 3-nerved, 6"-i8" long, 

 4"-8" wide, usually somewhat pubescent on 

 both surfaces, ciliolate, the lower smaller; 

 cymes divaricately branched ; flowers sessile 

 or nearly so, greenish ; corolla hirsute with- 

 out, or glabrous, its lobes acute; fruit hispid, 

 similar to that of the preceding species, at 

 length deflexed. 



In dry woods, Quebec and Ontario to Minne- 

 sota, Florida, Kansas and Texas. May-July. 



10. Galium kamtschaticum Steller. North- 

 ern Wild Liquorice. Fig. 3937. 



Galium kamtschaticum Steller; R. & S. Mant. 3: 186. 



1827. 



Galium Littellii Oakes, Hovey's Mag. 7: 179. 1841. 

 Galium circaezans var. montanum T. & G. Fl. N. A. 



2 : 24. 1841. 



Similar to the preceding species, but weak, 

 smaller, stems 4'-is' long. Leaves in 4*5, broadly 

 oval, orbicular, or obovate, thin, 3-nerved, obtuse, 

 mucronulate, 6"-i8" long, 4"-i2" wide, glabrate, 

 or. pubescent with short scattered hairs on the 

 upper surface and on the nerves beneath, some- 

 times ciliate; flowers few, all on pedicels 2"-6" 

 long; corolla glabrous, yellowish-green, its lobes 

 acutish; fruit hispid, 2" broad. 



In mountainous regions, Cape Breton Island, Que- 

 bec, northern New England and northern New York. 

 Also in northeastern Asia. Summer. 



ii. Galium boreale L. Northern Bed- 

 straw. Fig. 3938. 



Galium boreale L. Sp. PI. 108. 1753. 



Galium septentrionale R. & S. Syst. 3 : 253. 1818. 



Erect, perennial, smooth and glabrous, strict, 

 simple, or branched, leafy, i-2* high. Leaves 

 in 4's, lanceolate or linear, 3-nerved, obtuse 

 or acute, i'-2i' long, i"-3" wide, the margins 

 sometimes ciliate; panicles terminal, dense, 

 many-flowered, the flowers white, panicled, in 

 small compact cymes; fruit hispid, at least 

 when young, sometimes becoming glabrate 

 when mature, about i" broad. 



In rocky soil or along streams, Quebec to 

 Alaska, south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico and California. 

 Also in Europe and northern Asia. May-Aug. 



