GENUS i. 



VALERIAN FAMILY. 



285 



2. Valeriana edulis Nutt. Edible Valer- 

 ian. Tobacco-root. Fig. 3996. 



V. edulis Nutt. in T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2 : 48. 1841. 



Erect, i-4 high, from a deep fusiform 

 carrot-shaped root. Stem glabrous, or nearly 

 so, the young leaves commonly more or less 

 pubescent and the older ones finely ciliate, 

 sometimes glabrous ; basal leaves spatulate or 

 oblanceolate, thick, 3'-i2' long, 2"-io" wide, 

 obtuse at the apex, narrowed into a margined 

 petiole, parallel-veined, entire or with a few 

 obtuse entire lobes; stem leaves few, sessile, 

 pinnately-parted into linear or lanceolate seg- 

 ments; flowers yellowish- white, small (2"), 

 polygamo-dioecious, paniculate, the inflores- 

 cence at length widely branching ; bracts 

 lanceolate, short ; fruit narrowly ovate, gla- 

 brous or nearly so, 2" long, at length exceeded 

 by the plumose calyx-teeth. 



In wet open places, Ontario to British Colum- 

 bia, south to Ohio, Iowa, Wisconsin, and in the 

 Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico. 

 Called also Oregon tobacco ; the root cooked for 

 food. May-Aug. 



3. Valeriana uliginosa (T. & G.) Rydb. 

 Marsh or Swamp Valerian. Fig 3997. 



Valeriana dioica Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 727. 1814. 



Not L. 1753. 



V . sylvatica uliginosa T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2 : 47. 1841. 

 V. uliginosa Rydb.; Britton, Man. 878. 1901. 



Erect, glabrous or very nearly so through- 

 out, 8'-2i high. Rootstocks creeping or 

 ascending; basal leaves thin, petioled, oblong 

 or spatulate, obtuse, entire, or with a few 

 obtuse lobes, reticulate-veined, 2'-io' long, 

 3"-i8' wide; stem leaves 2-4 pairs, petioled, 

 pinnately parted into 3-15 ovate to lanceolate, 

 dentate or entire, acute or obtuse segments ; in- 

 florescence cymose-paniculate, at length loosely 

 branched ; flowers pink or nearly white, 3"-4" 

 long, about 2" wide; bracts linear-lanceolate; 

 fruit ovate, glabrous, li" long. 



In wet soil, Quebec to New York, Ontario and 

 Michigan. American wild valerian. Referred, in 

 our first edition, to the following northern and 

 western species. May-Aug. 



4. Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb. North- 

 ern Valerian. Fig. 3998. 



Valeriana sylvatica Banks ; Richards. App. Frank. 

 Journ. Ed. 2, 2. 1823. Not F. W. Schmidt. 



Valeriana septentrionalis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. 

 Card, i : 376. 1900. 



Erect, 8'-i6' high, glabrous, or the inflores- 

 cence minutely pubescent. Basal leaves spatu- 

 late or oval, 4' long or less, entire; stem leaves 

 usually 3 pairs, the segments 5-7, oval to linear- 

 lanceolate, entire, or undulate-margined ; in- 

 florescence cymose-paniculate, dense; flowers 

 white, about li" wide; fruit ii"-2" long, gla- 

 brous. 



In wet soil, Newfoundland to British Columbia, 

 south in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. 

 Summer. 



