454 



COMPOSITAE. 



VOL. III. 



Low, diffuse ; inflorescence mostly capitate ; pappus-bristles distinct. 



Floccose-woolly ; involucral bracts yellowish, or white., 4. G. palnstre. 



Appressed-woolly ; involucral bracts becoming dark brown. 5. G. uliginosum. 



Tufted low mountain herbs ; heads few ; bracts brown ; pappus-bristles distinct. 6. G. supinum. 



2. Slender, simple; heads spicate; pappus-bristles united at base. 

 Leaves linear or lanceolate-spatulate, acute ; heads about 3" high ; northeastern. 



Bracts dark brown ; stem leaves lanceolate-spatulate. 7. G. norvegicum. 



Bracts brownish tipped ; stem leaves linear. 8. G. sylvaticum. 



Leaves spatulate, obtuse or obtusish ; heads 2"-2 1 /^" high ; eastern and southern. 9. G. purpureum. 



i. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Sweet or 



White Balsam. Sweet or Fragrant Life 



Everlasting. Fig. 4406. 



Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Sp. PI. 851. 1753. 



G. polycephalum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1803. 



Annual or winter-annual, fragrant; stem erect, 

 simple, or branched above, tomentose, i-3 high. 

 Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sessile, 

 acute or acutish, or the lower obtuse at the apex, 

 narrowed at the base, densely white-woolly be- 

 neath, glabrate and commonly dark green above, 

 i '-3' long, 2"-4" wide, the margins undulate; heads 

 in numerous corymbose or paniculate clusters of 

 1-5, about 3" high ; bracts of the involucre white, 

 or tinged with brown, oblong, thin and scarious, 

 obtuse, the outer woolly at the base ; pappus-bris- 

 tles distinct, separately deciduous ; achenes glabrous. 



In dry, mostly open places, Nova Scotia to Florida, 

 Manitoba, Kansas and Texas. Jamaica. Poverty-, 

 chafe- or balsam-weed. Old-field balsam. Indian-posy. 

 Feather-weed. Fussy-gussy. Rabbit-tobacco. Life-of- 

 man. Moonshine. Leaves of rosettes oblong. Aug.-Sept. 



2. Gnaphalium Helleri Britton. Heller's 

 Everlasting. Fig. 4407. 



G. Helleri Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 280. 1893. 



G. polycephalum Helleri Fernald, Rhodora 10: 94. 1908. 



Similar to the preceding species, corymbosely or 

 somewhat paniculately branched above, ii-2 high, 

 the stem and branches densely glandular-pubescent, 

 not tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile, 

 acuminate at both ends, green and hispidulous above, 

 white-tomentose beneath, the larger about 2' long 

 and 5" wide, the uppermost much smaller and nar- 

 rower; heads very numerous, corymbose or corym- 

 bose-paniculate, sessile or short-peduncled in the 

 clusters, about 2.\" broad ; involucre oblong, or be- 

 coming campanulate, 3" high, its bracts bright white, 

 tomentose, the outer oblong, the inner linear-oblong, 

 all obtuse ; pappus-bristles distinct ; achenes glabrous. 



In fields and woods, New York and New Jersey to 

 Virginia, Kentucky and Georgia. Sept.-Oct. 



3. Gnaphalium decurrens Ives. Clammy Everlasting. 

 Winged Cudweed. Fig. 4408. 



Gnaphalium decurrens Ives, Am. Journ. Sci. i : 380. pi. i. 1819. 



Annual or biennial, similar to the two preceding species, fra- 

 grant; stem very leafy, glandular-viscid, corymbosely branched 

 above, 2-3 high. Leaves lanceolate or broadly linear, acutish 

 at the apex, densely white-woolly beneath, glabrate or loosely 

 woolly above, sessile and decurrent on the stem at the base, 

 i '-3' long, 2"-3" wide, or the lowest shorter and slightly spatu- 

 late ; heads in several or numerous corymbose glomerules of 

 2-6, about 3" high ; bracts of the involucre yellowish-white or 

 brownish, ovate, acutish or the inner lanceolate and acute, the 

 outer woolly at base; pappus-bristles distinct; achenes glabrous. 



In open, moist or dry places, Nova Scotia to Pennsylvania, West 

 Virginia ?, Ontario, British Columbia, Michigan, south in the Rocky 

 Mountains to Arizona. Sweet balsam. Balsam-weed. July-Sept. 



