GENUS 65. 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



477 



65. BORRICHIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 130. 1763. 



Fleshy, more or less canescent, branching shrubs of the sea-coast, with opposite entire 

 or denticulate, cuneate oblong spatulate or obovate, i-3-nerved leaves, and terminal large 

 long-peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre hemispheric, its 

 bracts slightly unequal, imbricated in 2 or 3 series, the inner ones coriaceous. Receptacle 

 convex, chaffy, the chaff rigid, concave, subtending or enwrapping the disk-flowers. Ray- 

 flowers pistillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular, 5-toothed, the style-branches 

 elongated, hispid. Anthers dark-colored, entire at the base, or minutely sagittate. Achenes 

 of the ray-flowers 3-sided, those of the disk-flowers 4-sided. Pappus a short dentate crown. 

 [Named for Olaf Borrick, a Danish botanist.] 



About 5 species, natives of America. In addition to the 

 following typical one, another occurs in South Florida. 



i. Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. Sea Ox-eye. 

 Fig. 4460. 



Buphthalmum frutescens L. Sp. PI. 903. 1753. 

 Borrichia frutescens DC. Prodr. 5: 488. 1836. 



Finely canescent, even when old; stems terete, spar- 

 ingly branched, i-4 high. Leaves mostly erect or 

 ascending, lanceolate, spatulate or obovate, obtuse or 

 acutish and mucronulate at the apex, fleshy, tapering 

 to the sessile base, somewhat connate, i'-3' long, 2"-j" 

 wide; heads solitary or few, about i' broad; rays 15-25, 

 rather short; exterior bracts of the involucre ovate and 

 somewhat spreading, the inner ones and the chaff of 

 the receptacle cuspidate. 



Sea-coast, Virginia to Florida and Texas. Also on the 

 coasts of Mexico and in Bermuda. April-Oct. 



66. HELIANTHUS [Vaill.] L. Sp. PI. 904. 1753. 



Erect, annual or perennial, mostly branched herbs, with opposite or alternate, simple 

 leaves, and large peduncled corymbose or solitary heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, 

 the rays yellow, the disk yellow, brown, or purple. Involucre hemispheric, or depressed, its 

 bracts imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat, convex or conic, chaffy, the chaff sub- 

 tending the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers neutral (in our species), the rays spreading, mostly 

 entire. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, the corolla tubular, the tube short, the limb 5-lobed. 

 Anthers entire, or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Style-branches tipped with hirsute append- 

 ages. Achenes thick, oblong or obovate, compressed, or somewhat 4-angled. Pappus of 

 2 scales or awns, or sometimes with 2-4 additional shorter ones, deciduous. [Greek, sun- 

 flower.] 



About 70 species, natives of the New World. Besides the following, about 30 others occur in 

 the southern and western parts of North America, and hybrids may exist. Type species : Helianthus 

 annttus L. 



A. Annual species; disk brown or purple; heads large. 



Leaves dentate; bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, strongly ciliate. i. H. annuus. 



Leaves mostly entire ; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, canescent, sometimes ciliate. 



2. H. petiolaris. 

 B. Perennial species. 



* Disk purple or purple-brown. 



Leaves narrowly linear or the lower broader, many 'of them alternate. 

 Stem rough ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 

 Stem smooth ; leaves elongated-lanceolate. 

 Leaves lanceolate to ovate, mainly opposite. 



Leaves hispid, rather thin, abruptly contracted into winged petioles. 

 Leaves firm in texture, gradually narrowed into petioles. 

 Leaves lanceolate ; bracts acute or obtusish. 

 Leaves rhombic-ovate to rhombic-lanceolate ; bracts acute or acuminate. 



7. H. subrhomboideus, 

 ** Disk yellow or yellowish; receptacle convex or conic. 



t Leaves nearly all basal or near the base ; upper bract-like. 8. H. occidentalis. 



tt Stem leafy ; leaves alternate or opposite. 

 I. Leaves prevailingly lanceolate and 3-8 times as long as wide. 



a. Leaves glabrous on both sides ; heads i '-i }4 ' broad, g. H.laevigatus. 



b. Leaves scabrous, at least on the upper surface. 



Heads I'-i J^' broad ; leaves thin ; stem glabrous. 10. H. microcephalus. 



Heads i J4'-3J4' broad ; leaves firm, many of them often alternate. 

 Stem scabrous, scabrate or hispid ; leaves sessile or nearly so. 



Leaves lanceolate, scabrous above, hirsute beneath, flat. n. H. gigantcus. 



3. H. angustifolius. 



4. H. orgyalis. 



5. H. atrorubens. 



6. H. scaberrirntis. 



