LABIATAE. 



VOL. III. 



i3 Stachys germanica L. Downy Wound- 

 wort. Mouse-ear. Fig. 3627. 



Stachys germanica L. Sp. PI. 581. 1753. 



Annual ; stem erect, simple, or somewhat branched, 

 i-3 high, densely villous. Leaves oval, ovate or 

 lanceolate, crenate-dentate, villous, the lower round- 

 ed or subcordate at the base, long-petioled, mostly 

 obtuse at the apex, the upper short-petioled or ses- 

 sile, narrowed at both ends; clusters of flowers 

 dense, borne in most of the axils ; bracts lanceolate, 

 half as long as the calyx; calyx-teeth ovate, acumi- 

 nate, awned; corolla purple, its tube about as long 

 as the calyx. 



Roadsides near Guelph, Ontario. Adventive from 

 Europe. July-Sept. 



22. BETONICA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PL 573. 

 1753- 



Annual or perennial herbs, similar to Stachys. Lower leaves very long-petioled. Ver- 

 ticils many-flowered, in terminal spikes. Calyx nearly equally 5-toothed, 5-io-nerved. Corolla 

 purple, the tube exceeding the calyx, the limb strongly 2-lipped ; upper lip concave ; lower 

 3-cleft, spreading. Stamens and pistil as in Stachys, but the anther-sacs parallel in some 

 species. Nutlets ovoid, rounded above. [The classical 

 Latin name of wood betony.] 



Ten species, or more, natives of Europe and Asia, the 

 following typical. 



i. Betonica officinalis L. Betony. Wood Betony. 

 Bishop's-wort. Fig. 3628. 



Betonica officinalis L. Sp. PI. 573. 1753. 



Stachys Betonica Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 532. 1834. 



Perennial, pilose or glabrate, deep green ; stem slen- 

 der, erect, usually simple, i-3 tall. Leaves oblong or 

 ovate, obtuse at the apex, crenate all around, firm, cor- 

 date or truncate at the base, the basal and lower ones 

 very long-petioled, the blades 3'-6' long, the upper dis- 

 tant, short-petioled or nearly sessile; lower petioles 

 ii-4 times as long as the blades; spike short, dense; 

 bracts ovate, mucronate, about as long as the calyx; 

 calyx-teeth acicular, half as long as the tube or more; 

 corolla-tube exserted. 



In a thicket at Newton, Mass. Fugitive from Europe. 

 Herb Christopher. Wild hop. July-Sept. 



23. SALVIA [Tourn.] L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753. 



Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered usually showy flowers, the clusters mostly 

 spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx ovoid, tubular or campanulate, mostly naked in the 

 throat, 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 3-toothed; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed. Corolla 

 strongly 2-lipped ; upper lip usually concave, sometimes arched, entire, emarginate or 2-lobed ; 

 lower lip spreading or drooping, 3-cleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing stamens 2 (the posterior 

 pair wanting or rudimentary) ; filaments usually short; connective of the anthers transverse, 

 linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper end, its lower end dilated, capi- 

 tate or sometimes bearing a small or rudimentary one. Ovary deeply 4-parted ; style 2-cleft 

 at the summit. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and spiral tubes when wetted. 

 [Latin, salvus, safe from its healing virtues.] 



About 500 species, of wide distribution in temperate and tropical regions. Besides the follow- 

 ing, some 25 others occur in southern and western North r America. Type species : Salvia officinalis L. 



Leaves mostly basal, only 1-3 pairs on the stem. 



Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or repand ; upper corolla-lip short. 

 Leaves crenulate ; upper lip arched, longer than the lower. 

 Stem leafy, bearing several pairs of leaves. 

 Leaves narrowly oblong, or lanceolate. 

 Corolla io"-is" long, its tube exserted. 

 Corolla 4"-6" long, its tube not exserted. 

 Leaves ovate, or broadly oval. 



Upper corolla-lip short, not exceeding the lower. 



1. 5". lyrata. 



2. S. pratensis. 



3. S. Pitcheri. 



4. 5. lanceifolia. 



