GENUS 7. 



CHICORY FAMILY. 



i. Arnoseris minima (L.) Dumort. Lamb 

 Succory. Fig. 4049. 



Hyoseris minima L. Sp. PI. 879. 1753. 



Arnoseris pusilla Gaertn. Fr. & Sem. 2: 355. 1791. 



Arnoseris minima Dumort. Fl. Belg. 63. 1827. 



Scapes slender, 3'-i2' high, leafless, simple, 

 or with 1-4 branches mostly above the middle, 

 gradually thickened and hollow upward for a space 

 of an inch or more below the heads. Leaves 

 oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, i'-3' long, 3"-io" 

 wide, usually coarsely and sharply toothed, nar- 

 rowed into margined petioles ; heads 8" broad, or 

 less; bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, strongly keeled after flowering, 2"-^" 

 long, curving over the achenes. 



Fields and waste grounds, Maine to Ontario and 

 Michigan. Adventive from Europe. Also called dwarf 

 swine's- or hog's-succory ; dwarf nipplewort. Summer. 



8. HYPOCHAERIS [Vaill.] L. Sp. 

 PI. 810. 1753. 



Mostly perennial herbs, with scapose, often 

 branched stems and mostly basal tufted leaves, 

 pinnatifid to entire, those of the scapes few, scale-like, very small, or none. Heads mostly 

 large, long-peduncled. Flowers yellow. Involucre oblong-cylindric to campanulate, its bracts 

 herbaceous, imbricated in several series, appressed, the outer smaller. Receptacle flat, chaffy. 

 Anthers sagittate. Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achenes oblong to linear, lo-ribbed, 

 somewhat narrowed below, contracted above into a long or short beak, or the outer truncate. 

 Pappus of I row of plumose bristles, sometimes with some shorter simple ones. [Greek, for 

 pigs, which are fond of its roots.] 



About 50 species, natives of Europe, Asia and South America. Type species: Hypochaeris 

 glabra L. 



i. Hypochaeris radicata L. Long- 

 rooted Cat's-ear. Gosmore. 

 Fig. 4050. 



Hypochaeris radicata L. Sp. PI. 8n. 1753. 



Perennial; stems several together, glabrous, 



\ S&iit'S >\ Yf ~ W.. slender, i-2 high, bracted, or rarely simple, 



bearing a few scales. Leaves spreading on the 

 ground, oblanceolate to obovate in outline, 

 pinnatifid-lobed to dentate, 2'-6' long, hirsute 

 on both sides ; involucre oblong-cylindric, 

 about i' high, its bracts glabrous, or sparingly 

 pubescent; heads i' broad or rrore; chaff of 

 the receptacle of narrow soft jointed scales; 

 achenes rough, all with very slender beaks 

 longer than the body; flowers longer than the 

 involucre. 



In waste places, Ontario to New York, southern 

 New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Also in Califor- 

 nia, Oregon, Washington and Colorado. Jamaica. 

 Adventive or naturalized from Europe. Native 

 also of Asia. May-Oct. 



Hypochaeris glabra L., the smooth cat's-ear, a 

 smaller species, with nearly or quite glabrous 

 leaves, flowers scarcely longer than the involucre, 

 and the outer achenes truncate, has been found 

 in Maine and Ontario, and in Georgia, and is naturalized on the Pacific Coast. 



9. APARGIA Scop. Fl. Cam. Ed. 2, 2: 113. 1772. 



Perennial scapose herbs, with tufted basal, mostly pinnatifid leaves, branched and scaly, 

 or simple and naked scapes, and large heads of yellow flowers, solitary at the end of the 

 scape or of its branches. Involucre ovoid or oblong, its principal bracts in i or 2 series, 

 nearly equal, with several series of short outer ones. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate, villous, or 

 somewhat honeycombed. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the 

 base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong or linear, finely striate, contracted or beaked 

 at the summit. Pappus of I or 2 series of plumose persistent brownish bristles, somewhat 

 broadened at the base, or the outer scale-like and simple. [Greek, from the growth of these 

 plants on unused land.] 



