444 



COMPOSITAE. 



VOL. III. 



3. Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) 



Greene. Cornel-leaved Aster. 



Fig. 4382. 



Aster infirmus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 109. 1803. 

 Diplopappus cornifolius Less. ; Darl. Fl. Cestr. 



474. 1837. 

 D. infirma Greene, Pittonia 3: 52. 1896. 



Stem slender, glabrous, or roughish above, 

 sparingly branched at the summit, terete, iJ-3 

 high. Leaves entire, hispid-margined, glabrous 

 above, sparingly hispid on the veins beneath, 

 the lower obovate, small, obtuse, usually ses- 

 sile, the upper larger, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 

 2'-5' long, i'-ii' wide; heads few, about i' 

 broad, in a divergently branched terminal co- 

 rymbose cluster; involucre broadly campanu- 

 late, 2"-3" high, its bracts oblong-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, sparingly pubescent, imbricated in about 

 4 series, the outer much shorter; rays 8-15, 

 white; style-appendages subulate; pappus 

 tawny; achenes nerved, glabrous. 



In dry, usually rocky soil, Massachusetts to 

 New York, Georgia, Tennessee and Alabama. 

 Aug.-Sept. 



38. IONACTIS Greene, Pittonia 3 : 245. 1897. 



Low, mostly branching, perennial herbs with numerous narrow, entire, i-nerved leaves, 

 and rather large and showy heads of tubular and radiate flowers terminating the stem and 

 branches. Basal leaves none. Involucral bracts coriaceous, imbricated in several series, 

 appressed, their tips not herbaceous. Ray-flowers normally violet, pistillate. Disk-flowers 

 perfect, the corolla with a campanulate limb. Achenes villous. Pappus double, the inner 

 series of long capillary bristles, the outer much shorter. [Greek, violet rays.] 



Three known species, natives of North America, the following typical. 



i. lonactis linariifolius (L.) Greene. Stiff or Savory-leaved Aster. Fig. 4383. 



Aster linariifolius L. Sp. PI. 874. 1753. 



Diplopappus linariifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834. 



lonactis linariifolius Greene, Pittonia 3: 245. 1897. 



Stems tufted, stiff, puberulent or scabrous, very leafy, 

 corymbosely branched above, 6'-2 high. Leaves linear 

 or spatulate, spreading, i -nerved, rigid, entire, rough, 

 usually ciliolate on the margins, mucronulate, g"-i8" 

 long, i "-2" wide, sessile, those of the branches much 

 smaller and somewhat appressed ; heads several, termi- 

 nating the branchlets, about i' broad ; involucre broadly 

 turbinate, its bracts linear-lanceolate, keeled, green on 

 the back, appressed, imbricated in 4 or 5 series, the 

 inner obtuse, the outer usually acute ; rays 10-15, violet, 

 rarely white, 4"-S" long, entire, or their tips dentate, or 

 even laciniate ; pappus bristles in 2 series, tawny, the 

 outer ones setose ; achenes silky. 



In dry o_r rocky soil, Maine to Florida, west to Minne- 

 sota, Mississippi and Texas. Recorded from Newfound- 

 land, New Brunswick and Quebec, apparently erroneously. 

 Sandpaper- or pine-starwort. July-Oct. 



39. BACCHARIS L. Sp. PI. 860. 1753. 



Dioecious shrubs or herbs, with alternate leaves, and paniculate or corymbose heads of 

 tubular flowers. Involucre campanulate in our species, its bracts imbricated in several series, 

 the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, naked, commonly foveolate. Corolla of the pistillate 

 flowers slender, that of the staminate tubular, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the 

 base. Style-branches narrow or subulate, those of the fertile flowers smooth, exserted, those 

 of the sterile flowers rudimentary, tipped with an ovate pubescent appendage. Achenes more 

 or less compressed, ribbed. Pappus of the fertile flowers copious, capillary, that of the 

 sterile flowers short. [Named for Bacchus; originally applied to some different shrubs.] 



About 300 species, all American, most abundant in South America. Besides the following, some 

 1 8 others occur in the southern and western United States. Type species: Baccharis ivifolia L. 

 Shrubs ; pappus of fertile flowers in i or 2 series. 



Leaves oblong, or lance-oblong, mostly obtuse, sparingly dentate. i. B.salicina. 



Leaves deltoid-obovate, or oblong, the lower coarsely dentate. 2. B. halimifolia. 



Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly acute, sparingly dentate. 3. B. neglecta. 



Herbaceous, from a woody base ; pappus of fertile flowers in several series. 4. B. Wrightii. 



