GENUS 57. 



THISTLE FAMILY. 



467 



entire, or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Style-branches tipped with small hirsute append- 

 ages. Achenes thick, obtusely 3-4-angled, the summit truncate. Pappus none, or of 2-4 

 teeth, or a coroniform border. [Greek, sun-like.] 



About 6 species, natives of America. Besides the following, two others occur in the southern 

 and southwestern United States. Type species : Heliopsis laevis Pers. 



1. H. helianthoides. 



2. H. scabra. 



Leaves mostly smooth, or nearly so ; pappus none, or of 2-4 stout teeth. 

 Leaves rough ; pappus crown-like, or of 1-3 sharp teeth. 



i. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet. 

 Ox-eye. False Sunflower. Fig. 4437. 



Buphthalmum helianthoides L. Sp. PI. 904. 1753. 

 Heliopsis laevis Pers. Syn. 2: 473. 1807. 

 Heliopsis helianthoides Sweet, Hort. Brit. 487. 

 1827. 



Stem glabrous, branched above, 3-5 high. 

 Leaves opposite, or rarely in 3's, ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, rather thin, acuminate at the 

 apex, usually abruptly narrowed at the base, 

 sharply and nearly equally dentate, smooth on 

 both sides, or roughish, 3' -6' long, \'-~z\' wide; 

 heads long-peduncled, somewhat corymbose, 

 \\'-2\' broad; rays g"-i2" long, persistent, or 

 at length decaying away from the achenes ; 

 bracts of the involucre oblong or linear-oblong, 

 obtuse or acutish, the outer commonly longer 

 than the inner; achenes glabrous, the summit 

 truncate ; pappus none, or of 2-4 short teeth. 



In open places, Ontario to New York, Florida, 

 North Dakota, Illinois and Tennessee. July-Sept. 



2. Heliopsis scabra Dunal. Rough Ox-eye. 

 Fig. 4438. 



Heliopsis scabra Dunal, Mem. Mus. Paris 5 : 56. pi. 4. 



1819. 

 Heliopsis laevis var. scabra T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2 : 303. 



1842. 



Similar to the preceding species, but stem 

 rough, at least above, simple or branched, 2-4 

 high. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or 

 sometimes acuminate, sharply dentate, rough on 

 both sides, firm, 2'-$' long, ii'-2' wide, abruptly 

 narrowed at the base, short-petioled ; heads few, 

 or sometimes solitary, long-peduncled, 2'-2^' 

 broad ; rays usually i' long, or more ; bracts of 

 the involucre canescent, oblong or linear-oblong ; 

 achenes pubescent on the margins when young ; 

 pappus a short laciniate crown, or 1-3 sharp teeth. 



Usually in dry soil, Maine to New York, New Jer- 

 sey, Manitoba, British Columbia, Arkansas and New 

 Mexico. June-Sept. False sunflower. 



58. VERBESINA L. Sp. PI. 901. 1753. 



Erect or diffuse branching pubescent or hirsute herbs, with opposite leaves, and small 

 peduncled terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate whitish flowers. Involucre 

 hemispheric or broadly campanulate, its bracts imbricated in about 2 series, nearly equal, of 

 the outer longer. Receptacle flat or convex, chaffy, the chaff awn-like, subtending the achenes. 

 Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, mostly fertile, their corollas tubular, 

 4-toothed or rarely S-toothed. Anthers entire or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Style- 

 branches of the disk-flowers with obtuse or triangular tips. Achenes thick, those of the rays 

 3-sided or 4-sided, those of the disk compressed. Pappus none, or of a few short teeth. 

 [Name changed from Verbena.] 



About 4 species, mostly of tropical distribution, the following typical. 



