86 THE LIFE OF THE SALMON 



occasionally caught in the Whitadder, and a number 

 of them were got up the river as high as Norham." 

 In the Tweed Report for 1875 it is stated: "The 

 Committee met at Melrose to ascertain if it is prac- 

 ticable, when a great number of salmon kelts were 

 collected in the cauld pool there on account of dry 

 weather, to catch them with a net and put them over 

 the cauld. A few shots were rowed and eight fish 

 caught ; but the experiment was not successful, as 

 the fish put below the cauld did not go down the 

 river, but remained in shallow water within reach of 

 poachers." In the Norwegian Fisheries Report for 

 1895-96 Herr Landmark tells of a similar experience 

 on the Aensira river, where two waterfalls exist. At 

 both waterfalls fish-passes have been erected, and 

 the lower pass was used as a convenient place to 

 capture fish for hatchery purposes. The pass was 

 therefore blocked by means of a grating inserted in 

 its upper end. Fish, having been stripped, were 

 placed above the fall, yet many of these fish were 

 afterwards found in the fish-pass, having apparently 

 descended by the fall and re-ascended in the pass. 

 One such fish was recognised as doing so five times, 

 although on each occasion after recapture it was 

 put into the river farther and farther up stream. 

 The seaward migration of kelts in Scotland is of 

 course not influenced by the complete freezing up of 

 parts of rivers, as is the case in Norway, where it is 

 often, I understand, physically impossible for kelts 

 to descend till released by the thawing of the ice. 



With us, however, the descent in large rivers ap- 

 pears to be much slower than in small rivers. Kelts 



