188 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 



10 S. CRUENTUS. Lvs. angular, cordate, cut-toothed, purple beneath, the petioles wing- 

 ed, ear-shaped at the base ; heads in a broad corymb, crimson, purple, blue, white. 

 11 Canaries. A common handsome greenhouse plant. 



11 S. SCANDENS. German Ivy. Climbing and twining; leaves smooth, roundish-cordate, 

 5-7 angled or lobed ; corymbs axillary, of small rayless yellow heads. 2f S. Africa. 

 Blooms freely in California, rarely in our greenhouses. 



88. ARNICA, L. Involucre of equal, lanceolate scales, 1- or 2-rowed. 

 Ray fls. ? , disk $ . Receptacle flat, with scattered hairs. Pap. single, 

 rigid, and serrulate, it Stem simple. Leaves opposite. Flowers yellow. 



1 A. mollis Hook. Pubescent; stem leafy; Ivs. becoming nearly glabrous, dentate, 



lance-oblong, radical ones petiolate ; hds. few ; fr. hairy. Mts. &c. N. H., N. Y. July. 



2 A. nudlcaulis Ell. Hairy ; st. nearly naked ; Ivs. all sessile, ovate, subentire, the 



cauline bract-like ; heads large, rays 12, spreading 2' ; fruit glabrous. Wet sands, 

 Ya. toFla. If. April, May. 



89. RUGELIA, Shutt. Invol. as in Arnica. Fls. all tubular, . Re 

 cep. convex, naked. Cyp terete, striate. Pap. of rough bristles. 11 Lvs 

 alternate. Heads large. 



R. nudicaiilis Shutt. St. simple, erect ; branches 1-flwd. ; root Ivs. ample, ovate, 

 narrowed to long winged petioles ; stem Ivs. small, subsessile. Mts., Tenn. If. 



90. CYNARA, L. Heads discoid, homogamous. Invol. dilated, im- 

 bricate, scales fleshy, emarginate, pointed. Receptacle fibrillate. Pap. plu- 

 mous. Cypselse not beaked. U Spiny. Leaves not decurrent. 



1 C. Sc6LTMUS. Garden Artichoke. Leaves subspinons, pinnate, and undivided ; invoL 



scales ovate. Gardens. The heads are used as asparagus. Coarse plants. 



2 C. CARDUNCULUS. Cardoon. Leaves spiny, all pinnatifid ; invol. scales ovate. S. Ear. 



The petioles, blanched by culture, are used as celery. 



91. TAGETES, L. MARIGOLD. Heads heterogamous. Invol. simple, 

 tubular, of 5 10 united scales. Ray-fls. 5, persistent. Receptacle naked. 

 Pap. of 5 erect awns. Tropical America. Leaves pinnately divided. 



1 T. PATULA. French Marigold. Stem erect, with widely-spreading, 1-headed branches ; 



If. segm. linear-lanceolate ; ped. long ; invol. terete. Yel. and dark purp. Handsome. 



2 T. ERECTA. African Marigold. Stem stout, erect ; If. segm. lanceolate ; ped. 1-flwd., 



thickened at top : involucre angular. Yellow and orange. 



3 T. FLORIDA. Erect, corymbously branched ; Ivs. lanceolate, opposite, aristate-serrate ; 



rays mostly 3, large, yellow. Mexico. 18'. 



92. CALENDULA, L. POT MARIGOLD. Heads radiate. Invol. of 

 many equal leaves, in about 2 series. Rays ? , disk S . Receptacle naked. 

 Cyp. of the disk membraDaceous. Pap. 0. (T) Oriental. Lvs. alternate. 

 <\ OFFICINALIS. Viscid-pubescent ; stem branched ; Ivs. oblong, acute, mucronate, scs- 



Bile; hds. terminal, solitary ; large, brilliant, orange, lemon, double, &c. June -Sep. 



93. CENTAUREA, L. KNAP-WEED. BACHELOR'S-BUTTON. Hds. 

 discoid. Invol. imbricate. Fls. all tubular, the marginal often enlarged, 

 ray-like, neutral. Pappus filiform, scale-form, or 0. lf Lvs. alternate. 



* Scales of the involucre with a fringed or pectinate appendage Nos. 1, 2 



* Scales not appendaged, a merely ciliate or spinescent Nos. 3, 4 



a nor ciliate nor spinescent (Amberboa) .Nos. 5, C 



