ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 189 



1 C. Americana N. Erect, sparingly branched ; leaves sessile, glabrous, repand- 



toothed, ovate-oblong to lanceolate ; hds. few, very large, with the marginal fls. much 

 enlarged, pale-purple. (T) Ark. La. and in 111. 2 4f. Appendages straw-yellow. 



2 C. nigra L. Erect, branched, pubescent ; Ivs. angular-lyrate to lanceolate, dentate ; 



sc. ovate ; marg. fls. not enlarged, all purp. 24 Fields. Append, dark brown. Eur. 



3 C. Claims L. Bachelor' 's-but.lon. Erect, branched 1 , downy; Ivs. linear; sc. ciliate- 



serrate : outer fls. much enlarged. (T) Fields, gardens. Purple, blue, white. 



4 C. Calcltrapa L. Star Thistle. Hairy, diffusely branched ; Ivs. pinnately lobed, 



lobes lin. ; scales tipped with spreading spines. @ Pa. to N. Car. Purple. Eur. 



5 C. MOSCHATA. Lvs. lyrate, dentate ; invol. subglobous, smooth ; sc. ovate ; ray-fls. 



scarcely enlarged ; pap. 0. Persia. Purple, varying to white. July October. 



6 C. SUAVEOLENS. Yellow Sweet Sultan. Lvs. oblong, toothed, the upper pinnatifid at 



base ; ray fls. much enlarged, yellow ; pap. chaff-like. @ Levant. 1 2f. July Sept. 



94. CARTHAMUS, L. SAFFRON. Hds. discoid. Invol. imbricated, 

 outer bracts foliaceous. Fls. all tubular and $ , filaments smooth. Pap. 0. 

 Receptacle with setaceous pales. Cypselae 4-angled. Oriental herbs. 



C. TINCTORIUS. St. smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile, spinons-denticulate, half- 

 clasping. Egypt. Heads large, with long, slender, orange-colored flowers. July. 



95. CNICUS, Vaill. BLESSED THISTLE. Heads discoid. Invol. ven- 

 tricous, imbricate with doubly spinous scales. Ray-fls. sterile. Receptacle 

 very hairy. Pappus in 3 series, the outer 10-toothed, the 2 inner each 10- 

 bristled. Oriental herbs. 



C. benedictus L. Lvs. somewhat decurrent; dentate and spiny; invol. doubly spi- 

 nous, woolly, bracteate. Fields, &c. : rare. 2f. Heads large, yellow. 



96. ONOPORDON, Vaill. COTTON THISTLE. Heads discoid, homog- 

 amous. Involucre ventricous, imbricate with spreading, spinous scales. 

 Recep. deeply alveolate. Pappus copious, capillary, scabrous. Cypselae 4- 

 angled. Large, branching herbs, with decurrent leaves. 



O. acantliiniii L. Plant cottony-white ; involucre scales spreading, subulate ; leaves 

 ovate-oblong, sinuate, spinous. @ Waste grounds : rare. 3f. Fls. purp. Jl., Aug. 



97. CIRSIUM, Tourn. THISTLE. Hds. discoid, homogamous. Invol. 

 subglobous, of many rows of spinous-pointed, imbricated scales. Recep. 

 bristly. Style scarcely divided. Pap. copious, plumous. Cyp. compressed, 

 smooth. Herbs with alternate Ivs., generally armed with spinous prickles. 

 Flowers in Summer. Figs. 178, 345. 



* Leaves decurrent on the stem more or less, floccons-woolly beneath Nos. 1, 9 



* Leaves not decurrent, a white-tomentous both sides. Plants low, stout... Nos. 3, 4 



a white tomentous beneath only. Plants slender.. Nos. 57 



<i green <oth sides. b Hds. leafy-bracted at base. . .Nos. 8, 9 



b Hds. naked, few, large (l').Nos. 10, 11 



b lids, naked, many, small No. 12 



1 C'. lanceolatum Scop. Common Thistle. Lvs. decurrent, pinnatifid, hispid, the 



segments divaricate and spinous ; hds. several, ovoid, villous ; scales lanceolate, rip- 

 ped with a spine, spreading. @ N. and M. : common. 3 4f. Heads purple. 



2 C. Liccontii T. & G. Slender, sub* imple, with few hds. ; Ivs. lin. -lanceolate, tnoro 



or less decurrent, hoary beneath, teeth few, spinous ; scales not spinous. cuspidate 

 heads large (!' diameter), purple. Swamps, Ga. Fla. to La. 2f. 



