ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 191 



leafy scales, the inner of about 8 linear ones. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus 

 scaly. Cypselse not rostrate, obscurely 5-sided. Oriental herbs with 

 bright blue flowers, about 20 in a head. 



1 C. Intybus L. Root Ivs. runcinate, cauline bract-like ; heads axillary, subsessile, 



mostly in pairs, li Dooryards, waysides, E. 2 3f. Rays large, showy, 5-toothed. 

 The root, or its extract, is often mixed with coffee. July Sept. Europe. 



2 C. ENDIVIA. Endive. Root leaves sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid, caulme anricled at 



base ; heads axillary, 35 together. India. Cultivated as a salad. 



102. ERIGIA, Schreb. DWARF DANDELION. Involucre many-leaved, 

 nearly simple, equal. Recep. naked. Cypselas turbinate, striate, 5-angled. 

 Pappus double, consisting of 5 broad, membranous scales, alternating with 

 as many slender, scabrous bristles. (D Araulescent, small. Leaves lyrately 

 lobed. Scapes simple. Heads solitary, with 20 30 yellow flowers. 



1 K. Vlr^inica Wilkl. Early Ivs. round-spatulate, snbentire, the later toothed and 



pinnatifid ; scapes 15 or more, 1' 10' high. Rocks and sands. Hds. 56". May + . 



2 K. Caroliiiiana N. Early Ivs. lin.-oblanceolate, few-toothed, later Ivs. lyrate-pin 



natifid, or angular-lobed ; scapes 1 5 or more, 2' 12'. Sands. S. Feb. May. 



103. CYNTHIA, Don. Invol. nearly simple, of equal, narrow scales. 

 Recep. flat, alveolate. Pap. double, the outer minute, scaly, inner copious, 

 capillary. Gyp. short, n Lvs. alternate or all radical. Fls. 15 20, yellow. 



1 C. VIrginIca Don. St. few-leaved, subumbellate ; Ivs. lance-obi., repand-dentate. 



rarely lobed, petiolate. N. Y. to 111., and S. Very smooth. 1 2f. lids. 9". June. 



2 C. Dandelion DC. Acaulescent ; scapes leafless, simple, 1-flwd. ; Ivs. spatulate-obl. 



to lance-lin., entire or toothed, rarely pinuatifid. Md. to Ga. and Tex. 618'. Mar.-Jn. 



104. LEONTODON, L. AUTUMN DANDELION. Invol. imbricate, the 

 outer sc. very short. Recep. naked. Pap. plumous, persistent on the some- 

 what rostrate cypsela. Acaulescent herbs with yellow fls., many in a head. 



L. a lit ii in 11 alls L. Scape branching; ped. scaly-bracted ; Ivs. lanceolate, dentate- 

 pinnatifid, smoothish. Waysides, meadows, &c. E. N. Eng. 6' 20'. lids, several, near 

 1' in diameter. July Oct. Europe. 



105. TRAGOPOGON, L. VEGETABLE OYSTER. Invol. simple, of 

 many leaves. Recep. naked. Pap. plumous. Cyp. longitudinally striate, 

 contracted into a long, filiform beak. (2) European, with long, grass-like Ivs. 



T. porrlfollus L. Invol. much longer than the corolla ; Ivs. lance-linear ; ped. thick- 

 ened upward ; pappus tawny. Waysides, &c. N. Y. (Hankenson). 3f. June. $ 



106. HIERACIUM, Tourn. HAWKWEED. Invol. more or less imbri- 

 cated, ovoid, many-flwd. Sc. very unequal. Cyp. not rostrate. Pap. a single 

 row of copious, tawny, fragile bristles. 2 Lvs. alternate, entire or toothed. 



* Heads 40-50-flwd. Invol. more or less imbricated. Cyp. blunt at top Nos. 1, 2 



* Heads 12-30-flwd. Involucre simple. a Achenia contracted at the top Nos. 3, 4 



a Achenia not contracted upward. . .Nos. 5, 6 



1 II. C aim dense MX. St. erect, subvillous, leafy, corymbed ; Ivs. sessile, ovate-obi, 

 to lanceolate, acute, with few acute teeth ; invol. strongly imbricated ; fruit brown. 

 Rocky woods, N. Eng. to Wis., and N. l-2f. Stout. Hds. near 1' broad. Aug., Sept, 



