CONTENTS. 5 



8, In the Sedges (Carices). A bottle-shaped envelope Perigynium. 



4, In the Grasses. Chaff-like coverings Glunns, aud Pales. 



CHAPTER VII. Attributes of the Essential Organs. Parts 39 



1, In respect to Number. a &c. ( 118, two conditions.) 



2, In position. a On the torus, free from all other organs Hypogynons. 



b Adherent to the calyx, &c. ( 119, four other conditions.) 

 8, In cohesions. a United into one pet, &c. ( 120, five modes.) 



CCAPTER VIII. The Pistils.-Its Parts (125) 48 



1, The simple ovary, a encloses a single cavity Its Cell. 



b produces little buds becoming seeds Ovules. 



c and two fleshy ridges bearing the ovules Placenta. 



8, The compound ovary a may contain as many cells as carpels. 



b must have 2 (or a double) placentae in each cell. 

 c and an equal number of ovules in each cell. 

 8, The number of carpels in a compound ovary is known 



1, By the number of distinct styles, if any 



2, By the number of distinct stigmas. 



3, By the number of the cells ; or if there be but one, 



4, By the number of external lobes, angles, or sutures. 



CHAPTER IX. The Ovules 46 



CHAPTER X. The Fruit. Pericarp. Dehiscence 80 



CHAPTER XI. Forms of the Pericarp. (See Syllabus, 150) 63 



CHAPTER XII. The Seed 58 



CHAPTER XITL Germination 62 



CHAPTER XIV. The Root, or Descending Axis. Forms 66 



* Axial Roots, or Tap Roots, having the main axis developed. 



1 , The woody tap-root of most trees, branching Ramous. 



2, Tuberous tap-roots. a Shaped like a spindle (Beet) Fusiform. 



ft Shaped like a cone (Carrot) Conical. 



c Shape rounded or depressed (Turnip).. ..Napiform. 



* Inaxial Roots, having only the branches developed. . 



3, Root consisting of numerous thread-like divisions Fibrous. 



4, Root fibro-tuberous. a Some of the fibres thickened Fasciculate. 



ft Fibres abruptly knotted Nodulous. 



c The knots at regular intervals Moniliform. 



d Fibres bearing little tubers Tubercular. 



CHAPTER XV. Of the tern, or Ascending Axis 71 



CHAPTER XVI. Forms of the Leaf-Stems, aerial, caulescent 75 



1, Jointed, or hollow stems of Grasses, Sedges, Canes Culm. 



2, The stout woody stem of Trees, covered with bark Trunk. 



3, The woody, simple columns of Palms, &c., without bark Caadex. 



4, Weak, slender stems, climbing or trailing Vine. 



CHAPTER XVII. Forms of Scale-Stems, acaulescent 78 



1 , Slender, prostrate, rooting, on or in the ground Creeper. 



2, Fleshy, thick, rooting, mostly underground Rhizome. 



8, Swollen with starch, underground, with buds (eyes) Tuber. 



4, Bulbous, solid, with thin scales, under ground Corm. 



5, Bulbous, consisting mostly of thick scales Bulb. 



CHAPTER XVIII. The Leaf-Bud. Vernation (and ^Estivation, Chap. XXIV) 83 



* Separate : regarding a single leaf (petal or sepal) in bud. 



1, Leaf flat, neither folded nor rolled in the bud Open. 



2, Bent forward, apex toward the base Reclined. 



3, Folded on the axis Conduplicate. 



4, Folded in plaits like a fan Plicate. 



5, Rolled on its axis downward Circulate, 



