28 



STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



together ; as the sepals of the Pink, the petals of Morning-glory, 

 the stamens of Mallows, the carpels of Poppy. Adhesion, when 

 the parts of different whorls are conjoined ; as the stamens with 

 the corolla in Phlox, with the pistils in Milkweed, Lady's-slip- 

 per; or calyx with ovary, in Apple or Wintergreen (Gaultheria). 

 The adjective free is used in a sense opposite to adhesion , im- 

 plying that the organ is inserted on (or grows out of) the recep- 

 tacle, and otherwise separated from any other kind of organ. 

 The adjective distinct is opposed to cohesion, implying that like 

 organs are separate from each other. More of this in another 

 chapter. 



29, Flower of Aconitum Napellus displayed ; , , *, , #, the five sepals, the upper one hooded ; jj, p, j>, 

 the five petals, of which the two upper are nectaries covered by the hood, and the three lower very 

 minute. 30, Flower of Catalpa, 2-lipped, 5-lobed. 31, Corolla laid open, showing the two pen'ect sta- 

 mens and the three rudimentary. 



83. Irregular development. Our typical flower, it will 

 be remembered, is regular ; and observation proves that all 

 flowers are actually alike regular in the early bud. Those in- 

 equalities or "one-sided" forms, therefore, which characterize 

 certain flowers, are occasioned by subsequent irregular growth 

 from a regular type. The irregularity of flowers occurs in a 

 thousand ways and modes ; in the unequal size of like organs ; 

 in their dissimilar forms and positions / in their unequal cohe- 

 sions, and in their partial suppressions. So in the Violet (50), 

 Monk's-hood (29), Catalpa (30), the Labiates (69), the Pea tribe 

 (59), etc. 



84. The torus, or receptacle, is sometimes strangely modified. 

 In the little Myosurus (32), in some Buttercups, and in the 



