30 



STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



Poppy has suppression in the calyx, multiplication in the stamens and carpe.s, and in 

 the latter cohesion also. The ty Sage has cohesion and irregularity in the calyx, every 

 kind of irregularity in the corolla, suppression and irregularity in the stamens, suppres- 

 sion and cohesion in the pistils. The ty Cypripedium is perfectly symmetrical, yet haa 

 irregular cohesion in the calyx, great inequality in the petals, cohesion, adhesion, and 

 metamorphosis in the stamens, and cohesion in the carpels. 



(In this way let the pupil analyze the deviations in the flower of Geranium, Hollyhock, 

 Moth-mullein, Larkspur, Sweetbrier, Touch-me-not, Petunia, Snapdragon, Violet, Poly- 

 gala, Squirrel-corn, Orchis, Henbit, Monk's-hood, Calceolaria, etc.) 



Review. 77. Mention some appendicular organs. 78. What are spurs in Larkspur. 

 etc. ? 79. Scales in Buttercups, etc. ? Explain the cuts 26-23. The crown in Narcissus, 

 etc. In Aselepias. 80. Appendages in Grass- Parnassus. 81. Remarks on the union of 

 organs. How detected * 82. Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion. Between 

 free and distinct. S3. What of flowers in the early bud ? Whence irregularity ? Certain 

 modes of irregularity mentioned. Examples. 84. Two singular modifications of the 

 torus. Explain cuts 32-35. 85. What is the disk? figs. 36-38. 86. Trace the combined 

 deviations in Poppy. In Cypripedium. In any flower at hand. 



J 



CHAPTER V. 



THE FLORAL ENVELOPES, OR PERIANTH. 



87. In our idea of the typical flower, the perianth consists of 

 two whorls of expanded floral leaves encircling and protecting 

 the more delicate essential organs in their midst. As a rule, the 

 outer circle, calyx, is green and far less conspicuous than the 

 inner circle of highly colored leaves the corolla. But there are 

 many exceptions to this rule. Strictly speaking, the calyx and 

 corolla are in no way distinguishable except by position. The 

 outer circle is the calyx, whatever be its form or color ; and the 

 inner, if there be more than one, is the corolla. 



Form* of prtnls. 39, Buttercup, showing the scale at base. 40, Mignonette, fringed at top. 41, Si- 

 lene stellata. fringed and unguiculate. 42, Flower of Osmorhiza longistylis, petals intiected. 43, Flowei 

 of Mitella diphylla, petals pectinate-pinnatifid. 44, Petal of Cerastium nutans. H-clcft. 



