48 STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



stigma of Mirabilis ; the linear stigma of Gyromia; the feathery stigma of Grasses ; the 

 filiform stigma of .Indian corn ; the lateral stigma of Aster; the petaloid stigmas of Iris; 

 the hooded stigma of Violet (141-149). 



142 



Pistil*. 141, Symphytum, tmsilar style, ovary 4-parted. 142, $ Flower of Emblica (Enphorbiaccfe), 

 branching styles. 143, Mirabilis Jalapa, globular stigma. 144, Flower of Luzula, stigmas linear. 145, 

 Feathery stigmas of a Grass. 146, Stigmas of Aster. 147, Rumex. 148, Poppy. 149, Filiform stigma 

 of Zea Mays (Corn). 



137. In the Pine, Cedar, and the Coniferae generally, both the 

 style and stigma are wanting; and the ovary is represented 

 only by a flat, open, carpellary scale, bearing the naked ovules 

 at its base. 



Review. 123. What the Gyncecinm regularly consists of. How it may vary. Varia- 

 tions in number. What is the meaning of trigynous, etc. ? 125. How to know the simple 

 pistil. Its members. Which is non-essential ? Define the carpel. How it is folded. 

 Proofs of the theory. Explain by figs. 124, 125. Define placentae. The Pea-pod as a 

 simple carpel. Describe the stigma. 130. Various degrees of union in the pistils. Six 

 signs indicating the number of carpels. First mode of cohesion. Four theorems. Second 

 mode. Two theorems. Explain the free axial placenta. Peculiar forms (141-149). 137. 

 Stigma in the Pine. 



CHAPTER IX. 



THE OVULES. 



138. The ovules are understood to be transformed buds, des- 

 tined to become seeds in the fruit. Their development from the 

 margins and inner surface of the carpel favors this view ; for the 

 ordinary leaves of Bryophyllum and some other plants do habit- 

 ually produce buds at their margin or on their upper surface; 

 and in the Mignonette, ovules themselves have been seen trans- 

 formed into leaves. 



139. The number of ovules in the ovary varies from one to 

 hundreds. Thus in Buttercups, Composite, and Grasses, the 



