FORMS OF THE PERICARP. 53 



opens at its dorsal suture directly into the cell (Evening Prim- 

 rose, Lily). Here the dissepiments come away attached to the 

 middle of the valves. 



4. Sept'tfragal (septum, and/ra??#o, to break), when the valves 

 separate from the dissepiments which remain still united in the 

 axis (Convolvulus.) 



175 



Dehiscence; 173, septicidal; 174, loculicidal; 175, septifragal. 



149. Porous dehiscence is exemplified in the Poppy, where 

 the seeds escape by orifices near the top of the fruit. It is not 

 common. Circumscissile (circumscindo, to cut around), when 

 the top of the ovary opens or falls off like a lid, as in Jefferso- 

 nia, Henbane, Plantain. Some fruits, as the Gerania and Um- 

 bellifera?, are furnished with a carpophore, that is, a slender col- 

 umn from the receptacle a fusiform torus, prolonged through 

 the axis of the fruit, supporting the carpels. 



Review. 143. Origin of the fruit. Death of the flower. What parts may survive ? In 

 Apple? Geum? Potato? Strawberry? 145. A rule and an exception. Instance in Oak- 

 Birch. What change in Thornapple ? 146. Constituents of the fruit. Etymology of 

 pericarp. Texture. 147. Open pericarps. 148. What is dehiscence and indehiscence. 

 Three general modes of dehisceuce. Four modes of valvular dehiscence. 149. Define 

 Porous dehiscence Circumscissile. What is a carpophore ? Illustrate by 172, 177. 



CHAPTER XI. 



FORMS OF THE PERICARP. 



150. The morphology of the pericarp is exceedingly diversified ; but it will suffice the 

 learner at first to acquaint himself with the leading forms only, such as arc indicated in 

 the following synopsis and more definitely described afterward. 



The following is a synopsis of the principal forms of Pericarps, for the blackboard. 



