STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



1. Free Fruits (formed by a single Flower). 



* Pericarps iiidehiscent. 



t With usually but one seed, and 

 1 Uniform, or 1-coated. 



1. Separated from the seed. 



2. Inflated, often breaking away. 



3. Inseparable from the seed. 



4. Invested with a cupule (involucre). 



5. Having winged appendages. 



$ Double or triple-coated, fleshy or fibrous. 



6. Three-coated. Stone cell entire. 



7. Two-coated. Stone cell 2-parted. 



8. Drupes aggregated, 

 t With two or more seeds, 



$ Immersed in a fleshy or pulpy mass. 



9. Rind membranous. 



10. Rind leathery, separable. 



11. Rind hard, crnstaceons. 



J 12. Inclosed in distinct cells. 



* Pericarps dehiscent. 



t 13. Dehisccnce circumscissile, seeds GO . 

 t Dehiscence valvular or porous ; 

 $ Simple, or 1-carpelled, 



14. Opening by the ventral suture. 



15. Opening by both sutures. 



16. Legume jointed. 



$ Compound pericarps ; 



17. Placentae parietal with two cells. 



Silique short. 



18. Placentae parietal only when 1-celled. 



19. Capsule with carpophore and elastic styles, 



Achenium (Buttercups). 

 Utricle (Pigweed). 

 Caryopsis (Grasses) 

 Glans (Oak). 

 Samara (Ash). 



Drupe (Cherry). 

 Tryma (Walnut). 

 Etasrio (Raspberry). 



Berry (Gooseberry). 

 Hesperidium (Orange). 

 Pepo (Squash). 

 Pome (Apple). 



Pyxis (Henbane). 



Follicle (Columbine). 

 Legume (Pea). 

 Loment (Dcsmodium). 



Silique (Mustard). 

 Silicle (Shepherd's Purse;. 

 Capsule (Flax). 

 Regma (Geranium). 



2. Confluent Fruits (formed of an Inflorescence). 



* 20. With open carpels aggregated into a cone. 



* 21. With closed carpels aggregated into a mass. 



Strobile (Pine). 

 Sorosis (Pineapple.) 



151. The achenium is a small, dry, indehisccnt pericarp, free 

 from the one seed which it contains, and tipped with the remains 

 of the style (Buttercups, Lithospermum). 



The double achenium of the Umbellifene, supported on a carpophore, is called cremo- 

 carp (177). The 2-carpelled achenium of the Composite, usually crowned with a pappus, 

 is called cypsela (178). 



The achenia are often mistaken for seeds. In the Labiatre and Borrageworts they are 

 associated in fours (141). In Geum, Anemone, etc., they are collected in heads. The 

 rich pulp of the Strawberry consists wholly of the overgrown receptacle, which bears the 

 dry achenia on its surface (184). 



152. The utricle is a small, thin pericarp, fitting loosely upon 

 its one seed, and often opening transversely to discharge it 

 (Pigweed, Prince's Feather). 



