134 ORDER 63. UMBELLIFER.E. 



bels. Calyx adherent to the ovary. Petals 5, usually inflected at the point 

 Stamens 5. Ovaries 2-carpelled, surmounted by the fleshy disk which beara 

 the petals and stamens. Styles 2, distinct, or united at their thickened 

 bases. Fruit a cremocarp (151), consisting of 2 coherent achenia called 

 mericarps, which separate along the middle space, which is called the 

 commissure. 



Carpophore, the slender, simple, or forked axis attached to and supporting the mert- 



carps at top, enclosed between them at the commissure. 



Ribs, 5 ridges traversing each mericarp lengthwise, and often 4 intermediate or second- 

 ary ones, some, all, or none of them winged. 



Vittce, little tubular receptacles of colored volatile oil imbedded in the substance of 

 the pericarp, just beneath the intervals of the ribs, and also sometimes in tHe face of 

 the commissure. 



Embryo in the base of abundant, horny albumen. 

 Figs. 42, 177, 235, 238, 303, 334-5, 360, 442-3. 



A large and well-defined Order. As the flowers in all are nearly alike, the genera are 

 best distinguished by characters taken from the fruit the number and form of the ribs, 

 the presence or absence of vittae, the form of the albumen at the commissure, &c. These 

 parts, therefore, minute as they are, will require the special attention of the student. 

 Flowers in simple umbels, sometimes spicate. Leaves simple. . .(a) 

 8 Flowers in capitate umbels, i ., sessile, forming dense heads... (Z>) 

 Flowers in regularly-compound umbels, not sessile in heads... (2) 



2 Fruit flattened on the back, singly-winged on the margin only...(<$ 

 2 Fruit flattened on the back, doubly- winged on the margin only...(d) 

 2 Fruit flattened on the sides, or terete and not flattened either way... (3) 



3 Fruit slender, teretish, 23 times longer than wide. Flowers white. . .(a) 

 3 Fruit nearly as broad as long. m Flowers yellow. . .(/) 



m Flowers white. . .(4) 



4 Ribs of the fruit either muricate, or crenulate-winged. . .(g) 

 4 Ribs smooth, entire, winged or sharply prominent... (h) 

 4 Ribs obtuse or obsolete. n Calyx teeth obsolete or 0. . .(&) 

 n Calyx teeth prominent... (I) 



a Fruit flat, orbicular. Leaves round or roundish HYDROCOTYU. 1 



a Fruit globular. Leaves linear, fleshy phyllodia CRAJTTZIA. 2 



b Flowers partly sterile. Fruit densely muricate, few SANICULA. 3 



6 Flowers all fertile. Fruit scaly, many in the head ERYNGIUM. 4 



e Flowers of two sorts, the marignal with enlarged corollas, radiant HERACLEUM. 6 



e Flowers all alike. o Fruit with a thick, corky margin. Vittse 00 POLYT^XIA. 6 



o Fruit with a thin margin. Vittae single PEUCEDANPJC. 7 



d Seed adherent to the pericarp. Intervals with single vittae ANGELICA. 8 



d Seed loose in the pericarp. Intervals with numerous vittae ARCHANGKLICA. 9 



Beak slender, longer than the fruit, all without vittae. South SCANDIX. 10 



Beak short or none.-^p Fruit clavate, upwardly hispid : OSMORHIZA. 11 



-p Fruit smooth, linear-oblong. Styles very short CH^EROPHYLUJM.12 



p Fruit smooth, elliptical. Styles very slender CRTPTOT^NIA. 13 



/ Involncels of 5 ovate, entire bracts. Leaves simple, entire BUPLEURUM. 14 



/ Involucels of 3 subulate bracts. r Fruit laterally compressed CARUM. 15 



r Fruit subterete transversely THASPIUM. 16 



/ Involncra none. * Fruit laterally compressed. Vittae 00 PIMPINELLA* 17 



s Fruit transversely subterete. Vittae single FOSNICULUM. 18 



g Calyx teeth prominent. Ribs of the fruit muricate DAUCUS. 19 



g Calyx teeth obsolete. Ribs of the fruit crenulate-undulate CONIUM. 20 



A Marginal wings twice broader than the dorsal SKLIXUM. 21 



A Marginal and dorsal ribs alike sharp, u with 00 vittae LIGOSTICUM. 22 



u with single vittaa ^ETUUSA. 23 



k Fruit a double globe. Petals not inflected. Low, early-flowering ERIGENIA. 24 



ft Fruit <n ate-oblong. Petals emargiuate-inflected. Involucra Of. CAEUM. 15 



