142 ORDER 65. CORNACE^E. 



ORDER LXIV. ARALIACE^E. ARALIADS. 



Trees, shrubs or Jierbs closely allied to the Umbelworts in the leaves, in- 

 florescence and flowers, but the styles and cells of the OVARY are usually more 

 than 2 (3 to 5), cells 1-ovuled. Fruit baccate or dry, 3-5-celled, with 1 al- 

 buminous seed in each cell, and the petals not inflected. Fig. 243. 



Styles and carpels 5. Umbels 00. Flowers perfect. Leaves alternate, pinnate ARALIA. 1 



Styles and carpels 2 3. Umbel 1. Flowers dioecious. Leaves verticillate, palmate GINSEXG. 2 



| Styles 5, united into 1. Umb. 00. Flowers polygamous. Lvs. simple. Climbing HELEKA. 3 



1. ARALIA, L. WILD SARSAPARILLA. Cal. tube adherent, limb 5- 

 toothed. Pet 5, ovate, spreading. Stam. 5, epigynous. Styles 5, recurved 

 above, persistent. Fr. a berry, 5-celled, 5-seeded, and 5-angled when dry, 

 U b Lvs. piunately compound, alternate. Umbels several or many, white 

 or greenish, in summer. 



* Plants low (1 2f), with few (3 7) umbels corymbously arranged Nos. 1, 2 



* Plants tall (3 12f), with numerous umbels in racemes Nos. 3, 4 



1 A. nudicaulis L. Nearly stemless, with 1 ternate-pinnate leaf longer than the 



scape, which bears 3 umbels at top ; plant smooth. 11 Rich, Rocky wds. E. & W. If. 



2 A. liispida L. Wild Elder. Stem shrubby and hispid-prickly at base, herbaceous 



above ; Ivs. 1-2-pinnate ; Ifts. ovate, cut-serrate, often lobed ; umbels about 5, long- 

 stalked, forming a terminal corymb. 11 Dry fields. N. Eng. to Va. 1 2f. Fr. blae-blk. 



3 A. racemosa L. Pettymorrel. Herbaceous, smooth, branched ; Ivs. large, bi-ter- 



nate-pinnate, Ifts. ovate, serrate ; umb. email, GO, in a panicle of racemes, if Rocky 

 woods. 3 5f. Root aromatic, an ingredient in small-beer. 



4 A. spiuosa L. Angelica-tree. Hercules' Club. Shrub prickly ; Ivs. bi- and tri-pin- 



nate, Ifts. thick, ovate, cusp-pointed, glaucous beneath. Damp woods, O. to Fla. 8 

 12 20f. Trunk usually simple, bearing all the Ivs. and panicles at the top. 



2. GINSENG. (Panax, L. in part.) Dioecious-polygamous. Cal. tube 

 adherent, limb obsolete. Pet. 5, ovate, obtuse. Stam. 5, epigynous. Sty. 

 2 or 3, distinct, erect. Fruit baccate, 2- or 3-seeded. $ Styles obsolete, 

 y Root tuberous. Stem simple, bearing 3 leaves in a whorl and one um- 

 bel. Flowers white. Fig. 242. 



1 G. trifolium. Ground-nut. Root a round tuber ; stem low (3 60 ; Ivs. palmately 



3-5-foliate, Ifts. lance-oblong, serrate, subsessile ; peduncle longer than the petioles ; 

 sty. 3 ; berries 3-lobed, greenish-yellow. Low woods : com. May. Root farinaceous. 



2 C. quinquefolium. True Ginseng. Root fusiform, fleshy ; st. taller (If +); IVB. 



palmately 5-foliate, 1ft?. ample, obovate, petiolulate, acuminate, serrate ; peduncle 

 shorter than the petioles ; sty. 2 ; berries 2-seeded, bright red. Rocky woods. Jn.-Aug. 



3. HEDERA. L. EUROPEAN IVY. Calyx 5-toothed. Pet. 5, valvate. 

 J5la. 5. Sty. united into 1. Fr. ovoid, baccate, 5-seeded. "*> Lvs. coriace- 

 ous, simple. Flowers green. 



If. HELTX. Stems woody, slender, climbing high by radicating fibres ; Ivs. dark green, 

 wit j. whitish veins, roundish ovate, 5-angled ; umbels corymbed ; fr. black. Europe. 



ORDER LXV. CORNACE^E. CORNELS. 



Trees and shrubs, seldom Jierbs, without stipules. Leaves opposite or 

 rarely alternate, simple, with pinnate veinlets. C(dyx adherent to the 



