Ii8 ORDER 67. RUBIACE^E. 



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1. GALIUM, L. CLEAVERS. BEDSTRAW. Calyx limb minutely 4- 



toothed. Cor. rotate, 4-cleft. Sta. 4, short Sty. 2. Carpels 2, united, 

 separating into 2 1-seeded, indehiscent nutlets. Herbs with slender, 4- 

 angled stems. Yerticels of 4, 6, or 8 leaves, rarely of 5. 



a Flowers yellow. Leaves in whorls of about 8. Fruit smooth No. 1 



a Flowers dull-purple. Leaves (large) in whorls of 4. Fruit hispid or not. .Nos. 2 -4 



a Flowers white. b Leaves in 4's only. Fruit dry. Panicle terminal No. 5 



b Leaves in 4's only. Fruit smooth, purple berries Nos. 6, 7 



b Leaves in 4"s 6's. c Fruit hispid with hooked hairs No. 8 



c Fruit smooth or nearly so, dry.. Nos. 9 11 

 b Leaves in 8's, long and narrow. Fruit hispid No. 12 



1 G. vernm L. Yellow Bedslraw. Erect; Ivs. in 8's, grooved, entire, rough, linear ; 



fls. densely paniculate, u Dry soils, Mass. 1 2f. Branches short. June. Eur. 



2 G. pilosiim Ait. Hirsute 5 Ivs. in 4's, oval, punctate with pellucid dots ; ped. several 



times 2- or 3-forkcd ; fls. pedicellate, densely hispid. Tl Dry thickets. 1 2f. June. 



3 G. clrcaezans MX. Wild Liquorice. Smoothish ; Ivs. oval or ovate-lanceolate, ob- 



tuse, 3-vciued, ciliate on the margins and veins ; ped. divaricate, few-flowered ; fr. 

 subsessile, nodding, hispid. ii Woods : common. 812'. July. 



ft. lanceolalunit Very smooth ; leaves lanceolate, 2' long ; fruit sessile. 



y. moniannm* Dwarf; leaves obovate. White Mountains. (Oakes.) 



4 G. latifoliiim MX. St. erect, smooth; Ivs. lanceolate, 3-veined, very acute ; ped. 



axillary (leafy) and terminal, about twice 3-forked ; purple flowers and smooth fruit 

 on filiform pedicels, n Woody hills, Pa. S. and W. 2f. July. 



5 G. boreitle L. Erect, smooth ; Ivs. linear-lanceolate, rather acute, 3-veined, smooth ; 



fls. in a terminal pyramidal panicle. 11 Shaded rocks, N. If. July. 



6 G. liispidulnm MX. Diffuse, minutely hispid ; Ivs. oval, thickish, mostly acute ; 



ped. axillary, 1-3-flwd. ; fr. large, bluish-purple. U Sandy. S. 2f. May Oct. 



7 G. unlflorum MX. Glabrous, ciespitous, slender ; Ivs. linear, acute ; ped. axillary, 



solitary, mostly 1-flwd. bracted ; fr. purple. ii Damp woods, S. If. May. 



8 G. trifloruni MX. Stems weak, rough on the angles ; Ivs. in 5's and 6's, lance-el- 



liptic, cusp-pointed, 1-veined; ped. mostly 3-flowered. v Moist woods. 1 3f. July. 



9 G. asprellum MX. Hough Cleavers. St. diffuse, very branching, rough backward ; 



Ivs. in 6's, 5's, or 4's, lanceolate, acuminate, or cuspidate, margin and midvein re- 

 trorsely aculeate ; ped. short, in 2's or 3's. V Thickets, N. 2 5f. July. 



10 G. triiidum L. Dyer's Cleavers. Goose-grafs. St. decumbent, very branching, 

 roughish with retrorse prickles ; Ivs. in 6's and 4's, linear-oblong or oblanceolate, ob- 

 tuse, rough-edged; flowers mostly 3-parted. 24 Swamps. 6'. July. Variable. 



/3. tfnrlorfitin. Ped. 3-6-flowered ; parts of the flower in 4's. The root dyes red. 

 y. lali folium. Lvs. in 4's, oblanceolate ; ped. 3-flowered ; fls. 4-parted. 



11 G. concinnum T. & G. St. decumbent, diffuse, scabrous; Ivs. in 6's, linear, 

 glabrous, 1 -veined, scabrous upward on the margins ; ped. filiform, twice or thrice 

 3-forked, panicled. 24 Dry woods, Pa. Va. m. If. June. 



12 G. Aparinc L. St. weak, procumbent, retrorsely prickly; Ivs. in 8's, 7'?, or 6's, 

 linear-oblanceolate, mucronate ; ped. axillary, 1-2-flwd. (I) Wet thickets, N. 3-5f. Jn. 



2. RUBIA, Tourn. MADDER. Like Galium, but its flowers are mostly 

 5-mcrous, and its fruit always smooth and berry-like. 



It. TINCTORUM L. Stem weak, rough backward; Ivs. in 6's, lanceolate, aculeate; fls. 

 brownish-yellow, paniculate above, with 3-forked peduncles. Europe. 3 5f. 



3. MITCHELLA, L. PARTRIDGE BERRY. Flowers 2 on each double 

 ovary Cal. 4-partcd. Cor. funnel-shaped, hairy -within. Stam. 4, short, 



