ORDER 127. CONIFERS. 313 



3 P. CKMBRA. Stone P. Leaves 23' ; cones ovate, erect ; seeds hard, wingless. Alps. 



4 P. ARISTATA. Colorado P. Leaves 1 If, crowded ; cones oval, 2$'. Tree 40 50f. 



5 P. australis MX. Long-leaved P. Tree 60 lOOf, very resinous ; leaves 10 1^, 



crowded ; cones lance-oblong, nearly as long as the leaves. Stands in extensive 

 forests, South. Very valuable for turpentine, timber, or fuel. 



6 P. Tseda L. Loblolly P. Tree 50 90f; leaves 6 10', with long sheaths; cones de- 



flexed, half as long as the leaves, with small but strong spines. S. 



7 P. serotina MX. Pond P. Tree 30 50f; leaves 5 8', rigid ; cones broadly ovoid, 



polished, nearly spineless, as large as a goose-egg. Wet lands, S. 



8 P. rigida Mill. Pitch P. Tree 30 70f, with very rough bark; leaves rigid, 46', 



with short sheaths ; cones clustered, ovoid-conic, 2 3'. Sandy barrens. 



9 P. PONDEROSA. Tree 50 lOOf in California, with sturdy trunk, smoothish bark, 



heavy wood ; Reaves 9 12' ; cones 3^', conical, with short strong spines. 

 1 O P. 111 it is MX. Yellow P. Spruce P. Tree of slow growth, 30 60f ; Ivs. covering 



the branchlets, some of them in 3's, mostly in pairs, 3 5' m slender ; cones 1| 2', 



ovoid-conic, clustered. In dry lands. Timber very valuable. 

 IIP. pnngens MX. Tree with crooked branches, 20 30f; leaves stout, crowded, 



about 2' ; cones ovoid, 3', with stout spines 3" long. Mountains, Penn., and S. 



12 P. inops Ait. Jersey P. Scrub P. Tree 15 25f, rough and crooked ; Ivs. rigid, 

 obtuse, 23' ; cones ovoid-oblong, 23', with straightish prickles. Barrens. 



1 3 P. reslnosa Ait. Norway P. Red P. Tree 60f, bark smoothish ; Ivs. slender, 56', 

 sheaths 6-12" ; cones conic with a rounded base, half as long as the leaves. Dry woods, 

 Penn. to Wis., and N. Timber compact, moderately resinous. 



14 P. Hudsonica Poir. (P. Banksiana Lamb.) A straggling pine 5 25f; Ivs. rigid, 

 curved, 1', the cones longer (1J 20, recurved, smooth. Rocks, Me., W. and N. 



1 5 P. LARICO. Corsican Pine. A large tree of rapid growth, very handsome in parks ; 

 leaves slender, bright green, wavy, 4 6' ; cones 2 3'. Branches whorled. 



j3. AUSTRIACA. Austrian P. Leaves more rigid, of a rich dark-green color. 



1 6 P. STLVESTRIS. Scotch P. Tree of rapid growth, perfectly hardy ; Ivs. 2V, twisted, 

 rigid, bluish green ; cones ovoid-conic, 23'. Common in Europe. 



2. ABIES, Tourn. SPRUCE. FIR. HEMLOCK. $ Aments clustered 

 with the old Ivs. $ Am. solitary, cones with thin, flat, spineless scales, per 

 sistent one year. Seeds winged. Cotyledons 3 9. ^ Lvs. solitary, not 

 sheathed, scattered over the branches, linear, short, mostly petioled. 

 Fir. Cones erect, the scales deciduous. Lvs. flat, spreading two ways.. .(x) 

 Spruce. Cones nodding. Lvs. 4-sided or ensiform, pointing all around. . .(a) 



Hemlock. Cones hanging. Leaves flat, mostly spreading two ways Nos. 1 3 



a Cones oval, 12' long, the scales nearly entire. Native, t Nos. 4, 5 



a Cones oblong, 38' long, the scales erose-dentate. Cultivated Nos. 6, 7 



x Bracts conspicuously exserted, much longer than the scales Nos. 810 



x Bracts shorter than the scajes or rarely a little exserted Nos. 11 13 



1 A. Caimdensls MX. Common H. Tree 50 SOf, very beautiful when young; Ivs. 



short-linear (68"), glaucous beneath ; cones ovoid, terminal, as long as the leaves, 

 scales concealing the bracts. Rocky woods : common N. 



2 A. WILLIAMSONII (or Pattoniana). Large tree in Oregon, very fine and hardy here, but 



rare ; leaves yellowish, 6 8". the cones three times longer, bracts concealed. 



3 A. DOCGL.ASSII. A huge tree in Oregon, handsome ; cones with long, 3-forked bracts. 



4 A. nigra MX. Doubles. Tree pyramidal, 60 SOf; leaves 6 7", dark green ; cones 



ovoid, 12, scales erose-denticulate. Damp mountain woods, northward. 



5 A. alba MX. Single S. Tree 30 SOf, subpyramidal ; leaves 6 9", glaucous ; conce 



deciduous, cylindrical, 2', with the scales entire. Rocky woods : common. 



6 A. PICEA (or excelsa). Norway S. A stately tree with dense dark-green foliage ; IVB, 



912" ; cones 5 8 / long, light brown, scales notched. Very common. 



