52 OKDER 19. CARYOPHYLLACE^E. 



ORDER XIX. CARYOPHYLLACE^]. PENKWORTS. 

 Herbs with swollen joints, opposite, entire leaves, and regular >/ (rarely 

 %0 flowers. Sepals persistent. Petals often unguiculate, or bifid, or 0. 

 Stamens distinct, twice as many as the sepals, or fewer. Torus often some 

 developed, separating the whorls. Styles 2 5, ovary 1. Fruit a 1-5-celled, 

 1 - oo-seeded pod. opening by teeth or valves. Embryo curved around the 

 albumen. Figs. G, 41, 44, 45, 50, 131, 276, 330, 456. 



Stioules present, dry (0 in No. 17). Calyx open. Petals sessile, minute, or 0. TRIBE III... (h) 

 g Stipules 0. a Calyx a tube including the long claws of the petals. Pod GO -seeded. TRIBE I. . .(c) 

 a Calyx open. Petals sessile (rarely in No. 10). Pod 3- CO -seeded. TUIBE II... (e) 



a Calyx open, white. Petals 0. Styles 3. Pod 3-celled. TKIBK IV. . .MoLniGO. IS 



T. SILENE^E. c Calyx with scale-like bractlets at base. Styles 2 DIANTHUS. 1 



c Calyx bractless. d Styles 2 SAPONARIA, 2, or GYPSOPHILA, 21 



d Styles 3. Pod 6-toothed when open SILENE. 3 



d Styles 5. Pod 10-toothed or 5-valved LYCHNIS. 4 



IL ALSINEJ2. Petals erose-denticulate at the end. Styles 3 HOLOSTEUM. 5 



e Petals 2-parted (sometimes wanting in No. 7)...(/) 



/ Styles 5. Capsule opening at the top by 10 teeth CKRASTIUM. 6 



/ Styles 3. Capsule opening to the base by half-valves STELLA RI A. 7 



-e Petals entire (often wanting in No. 10). .(g) 



g Styles 3, or if 5, opposite to the sepals. (No. 7 or) ARENARIA. 8 



g Styles 4, opposite to the 4 sepals. Stamens 4 M<ENCHIA. 9 



g Styles 4 or 5, and alternate with the sepals SAGUTA. M) 



ILL ILLECEBREJE. A Styles or stigmas 3 5. Pod several-seeded. Pet. colored ... (A-) 



k Leaves opposite. I Flowers axillary, solitary .....SPERGULARIA. 11 



I Flowers in terminal clusters STIPULICIDA. 12 



k Leaves whorled. m Styles 5, pod 5-valved SPERGCLA, 13 



m Styles 3, pod 3-valved POLYCARPON. 14 



A Styles or stigmas 2 or 1. Utricle 1-seeded. . .(n) 



n Sepals distinct or nearly so, greenish PARONYCHIA. 15 



n Sepals united into a tube below, white above SYPHONYCHIA. 16 



n Sepals united into an urn below, green above SCLEKANTHI T S 17 



1. DIANTHUS, L. PINK. Calyx tube cylindrical, striated, with 2 or 

 more pairs of imbricated scales or bracteoies at base. Pet. 5, with long 

 claws, limb irregularly notched. Stam. 10, styles 2, recurved. Capsule 

 cylindrical, 1-celled, 4-valved at top. Beautiful Oriental plants, every- 

 where cultivated. Figs. 6, 131, 276. 



Bracts long-pointed, equalling the calyx tube (dry, obtuse, No. 2) Nos. 1 4 



Bracts mucb shorter than the calyx tube Nos. 57 



1 D. Armeria L. Wild Pink. Leaves linear-subulate, hairy; flowers aggregated, 



fascicled ; bracteoies erect, lance-subulate. (I) Sandy fields, E. 1 2f. Flowers 

 email (6" broad), pink-red sprinkled with white. August. Europe. 



2 I>. proJIfer L. Slender, strict, smooth,; Ivs. linear, erect, 1 2' ; bracts dry, ovate, 



covering the calyx and pod ; pet. small, pink ; fl. mostly but 1. Penn. (Porter). Eur. 



3 . BARBATUS. Sweet-William, or Bunch P. Leaves lanceolate; flowers in dense 



cymes ; bracteoies erect, ovate-subulate, y. Europe. IJf. Red-white. May July. 



4 D. CHINENSIS. Leaves lance-linear; flowers solitary; bracteoies spreading, linear. 



@ China. If. Evergreen, not glaucous. .Flowers large, variegated. 

 6 1>. CARTOPHT LLUS. Carnation P. Glaucous; leaves linear; flowers solitary; bract- 

 lets very short, ovate ; petals very broad, crenate. u England. 2 3f. Fragrant. 



6 I>. PLTJMARIUS. Pheasant's Eye. Glaucous'; flowers solitary.; bracts ovate, acute; 



petals many-cleft, hairy at throat. 21 Europe. White-purple. Jane August. 



7 IK SUPERBU3. Leaves linear-subulate, green ; cymes fastigiate ; bracts ovate, ma- 



cronatu ; petals pinnatifid-frin^cd. y Europe. White-roseate. July, August. 



