78 ORDER 42. POLYGALACE^E. 



5, deciduous, cohering at the top, or distinct and spreading. Ovaries 

 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Fruit a globular berry, 1-4-seeded. *> Lvs. sim- 

 ple or compound. Ped. opposite the Ivs. often changed to tendrils. Fls. 

 small, clustered. 



VITIS proper. Petals cohering at the top, and falling without expanding. . .a 

 5 Cissus. Petalb free, expanding before falling. Tendrils coiling, or 0. . .b 



A MPEL6rsi3. Petals free, expanding. Tendrils with an adhesive foot No. y 



a Leaves beneath clothed with a whitish or rusty wool , Nos. 1. 2, 3 



a Leaves glabrous except the veins, and green both sides Nos. 4, 5, 10 



i Leaves simple, angular or entire .No. 6 



b Leaves pinuately compound Nos. 7, 8 



1 V. labrusca L. Fox Grape. Isabella, Catawba. Leaves broad-cordate, angular- 



lobcd. hoary tomentous beneath ; berries large. Woods. 30 SOf. Fr. p. gr. or amb. 



2 V. aestivalis L. Lvs. broadly cordate, 3-5-lobed or palmate-sinuate, coarsely den- 



tate, with scattered ferruginous hairs beneath ; fertile racemes long, paniclcd. berries 

 small. Shady banks. Fruit deep blue, small, ripe in September. 



3 V. Carlbaea DC. Hoary ; Ivs. round-cordate, 3-lobed or entire, smooth above. Fla. 

 . 4 V. cordifolia MX. Frost Grape. Lvs. cordate, acuminate, somewhat equally 



toothed, smooth, or pubescent beneath the veins and petioles ; rac. loose, many-flwd.; 

 berries small. River banks. 10 20f. Fruit blackish, ripe in November. 



5 V. vulpina L. Muscadine. Scuppernong. Lvs. (small) cordate, slightly 3-angled 



or lobed, shining on both sides, coarsely toothed, the teeth not acuminate ; rac. com- 

 posed of many capitate umbels. Va. to Fla. Fruit large, purple, few. 



6 V. indivisa Willd. Lvs. simple, cordate or truncate at the base, often angular- 



lobed ; flowers 5-merous ; berry 1 or 2-seeded. Swamps, S. Fruit small (2"). 



7 V. bipiunata T. & G. Lvs. bipinnate, Ifts. incisely serrate, glabrous ; flowers 5 



merous. S. States along rivers. Fruit small, black. No tendrils. 



8 V. incisa N. Lvs. 3-foliate, thick ; Ifts. 2-3-lobed ; berry 1-seeded. Fla. to La. 



9 V. quinquefolla Lam. Virginia Creeper. Lvs. digitate, Ifts. 5, oblong, acumi- 



nate, dentate ; berries dark blue, smaller than peas, acid. Woods, thickets. 20 40f. 



10 V. VINIPERA L. European Wine-grape. Lvs. cordate, sinuately 5-lobed, glabrous; 

 flowers all perfect. Europe. Many varieties. 



ORDER XLII. POLYGALACE^E. MILKWORTS. 



Herbs or shrubs, with the leaves mostly simple and without stipules. 

 Flowers irregular, unsymrnetrical, hypogynous, perfect Sepals 5, unequal, 

 distinct, some or all of them colored. Petals 3, often 5, and 2 of them 

 scale-like. Stamens 4 to 8, distinct, or cohering in a tube which is split on 

 the upper side. Ovary superior, compound, with suspended ovules, united 

 styles and stigmas. Fruit a 2-seeded pod. Seeds pendulous, with or with- 

 out a caruncle and albumen. 



Sepals 5, unequal, 2 larger, wing-shaped, petaloid. Petals 3. Stamens 8 POLYGALA. 1 



Sepals 5, nearly equal. 3 of the 5 petals long-clawed. Stamens 4 KRAMERIA. 2 



1. POLYGALA, Tourn. MILKWORT. (ZZbAt;?, much, ydXa, milk; 

 said to favor the lacteal secretions of animals.) Fls. very irregular. Sep. 

 5, 2 of them wing-shaped and petaloid. Pet. 3, cohering by their claws to 

 the filaments, lower one carinate and often crested on the back. Stam. 6 

 J or 8, filaments united into a split tube. Anth. 1-cellod. Caps, obcordate, 



