172 ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 



Scales imbricated, the outer leafy. Recep. flat, chaffy, the chaff rigid, per- 

 sistent. Fr. 4-angular, crowned with a 4-toothed pappus. 5 b Maritime, 

 with opposite leaves and solitary yellow heads. 



1 B. frutescens DC. Canescent, downy ; Ivs. oblanceolate, repand, obtuse-cuspidate, 



subconnate at base ; chaff of the recep. rigidly cuspidate. Marshes, Va. to Fla. 1 3f. 



2 B. arborescens DC. Smoothish; Ivs. spatnlate, entire ; chaff obtuse. S. Fla. 8f. 



37. EOLIPTA, L. Ray-fls. $ , numerous, narrow ; disk 5 , mostly 4- 

 toothed. Scales 10 12, in two rows, leafy, lance-ovate. Recep. flat. Chaff 

 bristly. Cypsela somewhat angular or 2-edged. Pap. 0. Strigous. Lvs. 

 opposite. Heads axillary and terminal, solitary. Flowers white. Fig. 72. 

 E. alba (L.) Erect or diffuse, with short, appressed hairs ; Ivs. lance-oblong, tapering to 



each end, subserratc ; ped. longer than the hds. ; scales lanceolate. Damp soils, 111. to 

 Md.,andS. l-3f. Rays minute. (E. erectaL. E. procumbcns MX. Cotula alba L., &c.) 



38. GALINSOGA, R. & P. Rays 4 or 5, small, obtuse, $ . Invol. 

 scales 4 or 5, ovate, thin. Recep. conical, chaffy. Cyp. angular. Pappus 

 of small, fringed scales, or 0. Leaves opposite, 3-veined. Heads small, 

 with white rays and yellow disk-flowers. 



G. parvlllora Cav. Lvs. ovate, acute, subserrate ; pap. scales 816. A weed in cul- 

 tivated grounds, coastward, Mass, to Penn. 1 3f. Summer. S. America. 



39. POLYMNIA, L. LEAF-CUP. Involucre double, outer of 4 or 5 

 large, leafy scales, inner of about 10 leaflets, concave. Ray-flowers pistil 

 late, few ; disk sterile. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus none. U Coarse and 

 clammy. Leaves opposite. Flowers yellow. 



1 P. Canadeusis L. Viscid-villous ; Ivs. petiolate, acuminate, lower pinnatifid, up- 



per 3-lobed or entire, rays shorter than the invol. Can. to Car. and 111. 3 5f. June. 



2 I". uveda.Ha L. Hairy and rough, stout ; Ivs. 3-lobed, acute, decurrent into the pet- 



iole, 1 lobes sinuate-angled ; rays 7 12, much longer than the involucre. lu highland 

 woods, N. Y. to 111., and S. 3Gf. Lvs. very large (as also in No. 1). Hds. showy. 



40. CHRYSOGONUM, L. Rays about 5, ? , fertile ; disk $ but stei- 

 ile. Scales in two rows of about 5 each, the outer leafy, the inner chaffy. 

 Recep. flat, chaffy. Cyp. of the ray obcomprcsscd, obovate, each embraced 

 by a chaff scale, of the disk abortive. Pappus a small, 2-3-toothed crown 

 it A little prostrate herb, with opposite leaves and solitary, pedunculate, 

 bright yellow vernal flowers. 



r. Virglniitnum L. In rich shady soils, Md. to 111., and South. Acaulescent. finally 

 caulescent. One of the earliest flowers of Spring. 



41. SILPHIUM, L. ROSIN-WEED. Ray-fls. numerous, in 2 or 3 rows, 

 fertile, outer row ligulate ; disk-fls. sterile. Invol. cmnpanulate. Scales in 

 several series, leafy and spreading at summit. Recep. small, flat, chaffy. 

 Cyp. broad, flat, obcompressed, crowned with a 2-toothed pappus. 1[ Stout, 

 coarse, resinous herbs. Heads large. Flowers yellow. Summer (p. 447). 



* Stem nearly leafless, scape-like. Lvs. very large, alternate, mostly radical Nos. 1 3 



* Stem leafy. a Leaves verticillate, in whorls of 3', rarely <Ts .Nos. 4, 5 ft. 



a Leaves opposite, rarely the higheel scattered Nos. 5 1 



a Leaves alternate (the lowest opposite or verticillate or alternate). .No. 8 

 a Leaves connate-pcrfoliate No. 1 



