ORDER 70. COMPOSITE. 175 



angular. Pap. a few minute caducous awns or bristles, n Scabrous, with 

 square stems, opposite, petioled, 3-veined leaves and long peduncled heads. 

 Corolla white. Anthers black, tipped with a white appendage. 



1 KI. Imstiita MX. Lvs. hastately 3-lobed, acuminate, dentate ; sc. lance-ovate, acu- 



minate, pales rigid, cusp-pointed.- Dry soils, S. Car. to Fla., and W. 3 6f. Jl. Sept. 



2 M. dcltoidea MX. Lvs. ovate-deltoid ; scales ovate ; pales or chaff obtuse. S. Fia. 



50. ZINNIA, L. Ray-fls. ligulate, ?; disk tubular, . Sc. oval, mar- 

 gined, imbricate. Recep. chaffy, conical. Pap. of the disk of 1 or 2 erect, 

 Hat awns. @ American herbs, with opposite, entire leaves and solitary 

 terminal heads. Rays bright-colored, showy. 



1 Z. multiflora L. Lvs. lance-oblong, sess. ; peduncles scarcely longer than the Ivs. ; 



rays oval, shorter than the invol. ; fr. 1-awned ; pales entire. Fields, S. 6'-2f. May,Jn. 



2 Z. ELEGANS L. Lvs. ovate, cordate, sessile and clasping ; peduncles much longer than 



the leaves ; pales serrated; fruit 2-awiied. Mexico. 2 4f. Fls. single or double, of 

 all colors, often brilliant, blooming in gardens throughout the Summer. 



51. HELIOPSIS, Pers. OX-EYE. Invol. imbricate, with ovate, sub- 

 equal scales. Rays linear, large, ? ; disk 5 . Recep. chaffy, conical, the 

 pales lanceolate. Fruit 4-sided. Pappus 0. U Leaves opposite. Heads 

 large. Flowers yellow, like Helianthus. 



II. laevis Pers. St. smooth ; Ivs. ovate-oblong to lanceolate, coarsely serrate, petiolate, 

 3-veined, smooth beneath. Hedges and thickets : common. 3 5f. June, July. 

 /3. g-raclli*. Slender, 2f ; Ivs. lance-ovate, scabrous, acute at base. 

 y. scahra. Stem and leaves scabrous, yellowish ; leaves truncate at base. W. 6f. 



52. TETRAGONOTHECA, Dill. Hds. radiate. Invol. double, the 

 outer of 4 leafy bracts united at base, the inner of 8 small scales similar to 

 the chaff of the conical receptacle. Ach. smooth, truncate, destitute of 

 pappus. H Clothed with viscid hairs, opposite leaves, with 1 or few yel- 

 low-flowered, large heads, on long peduncles. 



T. lieliaiitlioides L. Sandy soils, Va., and S. 3f, A stout, coarse, unsightly herb. 

 Leaves ovate, sessile, repand-toothed. Rays spreading nearly 3'. April June. 



53. ECHINACEA, Momch. PURPLE CONE-FLOWER. Scales of the 

 invol. in 2 or 3 rows. Ray-fls. neutral ; disk-fls. $ . Recep. conic, bristling 

 with stiff, spiny pales. Cyp. 4-angled. Pap. a few teeth. 11 Branches each 

 with 1 large head. Leaves alternate. Rays rose-purple, drooping. 



1 E. purpiirea Moench. Very rough ; lower Ivs. broad-ovate, 5-veine;l. cauline lan^pe- 



ovate, acuminate, nearly entire ; rays 12 15, very long (-2 3'), bifid. Thickets, W. and 

 S. 4f. July-Sept. Varies in roughness, and with white rays. (See Addenda.) 



2 E. aiigiistiiolia DC. St. hispid, slender; Ivs. all entire, hispid-pubescent, 3- vein 



ed, lanceolate to lance-linear; rays 1-2 15, narrow, 1^2' long. Prairies and marshes, 

 111. Mo., and S. 2 3f. Rays sometimes white. May July. (See Addenda.) 



3 E. atrdrubcns N. Smooth or rough ; stem simple, furrowed ; Ivs. lance-linear to 



linear, rigid, the lower 3-veined ; rays 811, shorter than the di?k (!') ; scales in 3 

 rows ; pappus of 4 teeth. Damp barrens, Ga. Fla., and \V. 2f. June Aug. 



54. RUDBECKIA, L. Invol. scales nearly equal, leafy, in a double 

 row, G in each. Ray-fls. neutral ; disk 5 . Recep. conic or columnar, with 



