312 . ORDER 127. CONIFERS. 



veined, circinnate. Flowers dioecious, naked, in cones, $ anther covering 

 the under surface of the connectile. ? Scales peltate, bearing naked 

 ovules dorsal or marginal. 



1. CYCAS REVOLUTA, from Japan, hardy South, has a short thick trunk, 

 crowned with numerous pinnate leaves, 4 5f long, with innumerable linear 1-veilied 

 leaflets rolled at the edges. Fruit in an oblong spadix. 



2. ZAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA. COONTIE. FLORIDA ARROW-ROOT. Stem 

 corm-like, abounding in starch. Leaves 3 5f long, leaflets a 5', lance-oblong, jointed to 

 the rachis, entire, OO-veined ; fruit in a large oblong cone. S. Fla. 



ORDER CXXVII. ' CONIFERJ3. CONIFERS. 



Trees or shrubs mostly evergreen, abounding with a resinous juice. Leaves 

 scattered or fascicled, mostly linear, parallel or fork-veined. Flowers $ $ 

 or S , destitute of corolla or calyx, in aments and cones. $ Stamen 1, or 

 several united. $ Ovary, style, and stigma wanting. Ovules 1 oo at the 

 base of the carpellary scale. Fruit a strobile (cone) with the scales woody 

 and distinct, or baccate with the scales fleshy and coherent. Figs. 107, 166, 

 194, 216, 256, 293, 299, 352-3, 473-4, 491. See Hoopes' Book of Evergreens. 



ABIETINEJ3. Scales of the cone each with a bract beneath it. Seeds 2, winged. . .(*) 

 CUPRESSINE^E. Scales bractless. Seeds 19, mostly with 2 wings. ..() 



* Leaves evergreen, linear, 2 6 together in each fascicle Preus. i 



* Leaves evergreen, linear, solitary, scattered .ABIES. 2 



* Leaves in fascicles of many together, a evergreen CEDRDS. 3 



a deciduous LARIX. 4 



** Cones baccate, consisting of the fleshy coherent scales JUNIPERUS. 5 



** Cones dry, scales imbricated. x Leaves lance-linear CUNNINGHAMIA. 6 



x Leaves scale-form, opposite, 4-rowed THUYA. 7 



** Cones dry, scales valvately closed. y Lvs. scale-form, opposite, 4-rowed...CupRESsus. 8 



y Lvs. linear, alternate, deciduous.... TAXODIUM. 9 



y Lvs. alternate, evergreen, f SEQUOYA. 10 



1. PINUS, L. PENE. Fls. <9, the $ in clustered aments. Stamen 1, 

 with a 2-celled anther. $ Aments of many open imbricated carpellary 

 scales, each with a bract at the back and 2 inverted ovules at base within. 

 Cone woody, persistent two years, the scales often thickened and awned 

 at the tip. Seeds nut-like, winged. Cotyledons 3 12. ^ Fascicles of 

 2 5 linear-filiform leaves, sheathed at base. 



Leaves in 5'e. x Scales spineless, hardly thickened at end Nos. 13 



x Scales ending with a cap and a spine No 4 



Leaves in 3's. y Cones oblong, with small recurved spines Nos. 5, 6 



y Cones ovoid, with weak or strong spines Nos. 7 9 



Leaves in 2's. z Scales tipped with spines or prickles .Nos. 10 12 



v Scales spineless. a Trees native Nos. 13, 14 



a Trees European Nos. 15, 16 



1 P. Ktrobns L. White Pine. A majestic tree, 100 170f, in the forests ; Ivs. needle- 



shaped, 4 5', not rigid ; cones oblong, 5 7', pendulous. Woods, Penn., N. and N-W. 

 Timber of great value in architecture. 



2 P. KXCELSA. BhotanP. Lvs. glaucous, 57' ; cones cylindric, 69' ; nuts winged. Asia 



