366 ORDER 154. CYPERAC1LE. 



CLASS IV. GLUMIFEILE, 



Or GLUMACEOUS E.NDOGENS. Plants having their flowers in- 

 vested with one or more alternate imbricated glumes (chaff or 

 husk) instead of petals and sepals, and collected into spikeleta, 

 spikes, or heads. The Class is equivalent to 



COHORT 7. GKAMINOIDE^E, the GRAMINOIDS or grass- 

 like plants. 



ORDER CLIY. CYPERACE^E. THE SEDGES. 



These are grass-like or rush-like herbs, with fibrous roots and solid culms. 

 Leaves generally 3-ranked, linear, channelled, based on entire or tubular 

 tfieaths. Flowers spiked, perfect or imperfect, one in the axil of each 

 glume. Perianth none, or represented by a few hypogynous bristles called 

 setce, or a cup-shaped or bottle-shaped perigynium. Stamens definite, gen- 

 erally 3 (112). Anthers fixed by. their base, 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, 

 1-ovuled. Style 2- or 3-cleft and the achenium 2-sided or 3-sided. 



The Sedges abound in marshes, meadows, and swamps. 



CYPEREJ3. Glumes distychous (2-rowed). Flowers all perfect. ..(*) 



SCIRPE^E. Glumes imbricated all around, each (except sometimes the lowest) with a perfect flower 



Spikes all terminal or nil lateral. . .(**) 

 RHYNCHOSPORE^E. Glumes imbricated all around or irregularly, the lowest empty. Spikelets 



both terminal and axillary (except Dichromena and Chaetospora).. .(***) 



CARICE^E. Glumes imbricated all around, or irregularly. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Ache- 

 nium enclosed in a bottle-shaped perigynium. . .(****) 



Inflorescence axillary. Perigynium or perianth of 6 10 setae DULICHICM. 1 



Inflorescence terminal. Perigynium none. a Spikes 2- CO- flowered CTPKRCS. 2 



a Spikes 1-flowered, capitate KYLLINGIA. 3 



** Perianth of 3 ovate clawed petals and (often) of 3 setae. Glumes awned FUIRENA. 4 



** Perianth of 2 oblong sessile scales (pales) and no setae. Spikes 00 LIPOCARPHA. 5 



** Perianth of 1 minute double scale and no setae. Spikes 2, lateral HEMICARPHA. 6 



** Perianth of setae only, 3 GO . No scales or petals. . .(&) 

 ** Perianth none at all. . .(d) 



b Achenium crowned with a tubercle. Spike solitary, terminal ELEOCH ARIS. 7 



b Achenium not tubercled. Setae 36, short, or else tawny. (CH^ETOSPORA, 18) SCIRPUS 8 



c Setae OO (6), long, cottony, white or reddish ERIOPHOUUM. 9 



d Style 2-cleft. Spikes 510, terminal (capitate in Gen. 13) FIMBRISTYLIS. 10 



1 Style 3-cleft. Achenium 3-angled TRICHELOSTYLIS. 11 



* Schema crowned with the persistent style or its bulbous base (a tubercle) ...(*) 



* Achenia not tuberculate, x brown like the scales. Setae none CLADIUM II 



x white or whitish, crustaceous. Setae none SCLKRIA. 17 



< Perianth none (no setae). y Spikes diffusely cymous PSILOCARYA. 12 



y Spikes capitate. Bracts colored DICHROMKNA. 13 



Perianth of setae. z Achenium tuberculate with the base of the style. .RHYNCHOSPORA. 14 



z Achenium horned with the entire long style CERATOSCHCKNOS. 15 



** Spikes either with and $ flowers, or each wholly $ or wholly 9 CAREX. 19 



1. DULICHIUM, Rich. Spikes linear-lanceolate, flattened. Glumes 

 heathing, closely imbricated in two rows. Style long, bifid, the persist- 



