APPENDIX. 7 



Page 291. 

 GENUS CANIS. 



"Indian Dog Cam's Americanus."=Canis americanus, Gtnel., Syst. Nat., 

 1788, 69. See Hernandez, Hist. Mex., 1651, 466, "Canis mexicana" also 

 (infra) note to page 294. 



"Common Wolf Cam's lupus." Canis occidentalis Auct. recent. This 

 name of course applies to the northern American Wolf as not distinct 

 from the European species, a question yet unsettled in the opinion 

 of many. 



"Black Wolf Canis niger." The name niger, here used by Ord, does 

 not appear to have been previously used, binomially. Turton refers 

 to it in the vernacular, as a Canadian variety under C. lupus. 



"Mexican Wolf Cam's Afejr/cam/s."="Xoloitzcuintli Lupus mexicanus" 

 Hernandez., Hist. Mex., 1651, 4Jc).=Canis mexicanus Linn., Syst. Nat., 

 1766, 60. "]\.=Canis occidentalis var mexicanus, Baird., Mam. N. A., 

 1857, 113; Mex. B. Surv., 1859, J 4- If tne Mexican or Lobo Wolf of 

 Hernandez, above quoted, on which this binomial is based, is, as 

 supposed, not separable in a specific sense from the Gray or Timber 

 Wolf of northern N. America, the name "mexicanus" should stand 

 first, on the ground of priority, above that of occidentalis. Some 

 modern zoologists are of the opinion that the American and European 

 Gray Wolves are not only specifically distinct but that the Canadian 

 and Mexican representatives of the former species are at least sub- 

 specifically separable. Granting this, the correct arrangement would 

 be ; i. Mexican Gray Wolf, Canis mexicanus I/inn., Syst., Nat., 1759, 

 60. 2. Northern Gray Wolf, Canis mexicanus occidentalis (Richard- 

 son), Fau. Bor. Amer., 1829, 66. 



Continuing the use of these names, if the European and American 

 Gray Wolves are not distinct species, they would stand i. Canis lupus 

 Linn. 2. Canis lupus mexicanus (Linn.). 3. Canis lupus occidentalis 

 Rich. Dr. J. A. Allen* designates the northern Gray Wolf by the name 

 Canis lupus gtiseo-albus taken by Baird from Sabine's Appendix to 

 Franklin's Narrative (1823, pp. 654,655,) and compounded as a variety 

 of occidentalis ! Such a manipulation of names seems to me unjusti- 

 fiable. Sabine's name Canis lupus giiseus (sup. cit.) has priority over 

 C. l.occidenialis'Rich.,butit is preoccupied by Canis gnseus Bodd., 

 Elench., Anim. , 1784, 97, given the Gray Fox. 



A review of whole matter favors the opinion that these American, 

 and European Wolves are specifically inseparable, as follows : 



1. Canis lupus Linn. (Europe). 



2. " " mexicanus (Linn.), (Mexico). 



3. " " occidentalis (Rich) j (Northern N. America). 



Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 1894, 94. 



