8 APPENDIX. 



"Large Prairie Wolf Canis ."=Canis mexicanus octidentalis 



(Rich.), supra cit. = ? Lupus gigas Townsend, Jour. A. N. S., Phila., 

 1850, 75.="Large wolf of the plains," Lewis & Clark, Hist. Exp., 

 1814, 167. 



"Small Prairie Wolf Canis ."Canis latrans Say, Long's Exp, 



R. Mts., I, 1823, i68.="Small wolf of the plains," Lewis & Clark, Hist. 

 Exp., 1814, 167. 



"Large Red Fox Canis ."=Vulpes macrourus Baird, Mam. 



N. Amer., 1857, 130.=" Large red fox of the plains," Lewis & Clark, 

 Hist. Exp., 1814, 168. 



"Small Red Fox Canis ."=Canis velox Say, Long's Exp. R. 



Mts., 1823, 487.=" Kit fox, or small fox of the plains," Lewis & Clark^ 

 Hist. Exp., 1814, 168. 



"Varied Fox Canis alopex ? " This is Linnaeus' name for the European 

 Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes (Linn.), with black-tipped tail. 



The presence of a similar variety in America has induced Ord to 

 include it in the list as a questionable species. 



"Silvery Fox Canis cinereo-argcnteus ? " Muller, (Natursys. Suppl.,1776, 

 29), has priority over Erxleben for the use of this name in the binomial 

 sense. Erxleben, (Syst. Reg. Anim., 1777, 567), quotes Miiller as above 

 in his synonymy. He gives to his "cinereo-argenteus" the habitat, "in 

 America boreali," and, as generally construed, describes the " Silvery " 

 form or variety of the Red Fox, Vulpes fidvus of authors. 



Miiller's "Canis cinereo argenteus" (sup. cit.) is founded on the 

 "Canis ex cinereo argeuteus Bris., Lawson's Carolina," as cited by 

 Pennant (Syn. Quad., 1771, 157) which is the Gray Fox, Urocyon 

 virginianus (Erxleben), (Syst. Reg. Anim., 1777, 567), of modern 

 authors. Miiller's name, therefore, not only has priority but it is the 

 first one correctly applied to the Gray Fox of Lawson. As such it will 

 stand as Urocyon cinereo- argente us (Mull.). See Coues & Yarrow, 

 Wheeler Rep., 1875, v. , 56. 



"Black Fox Canis lycaon."=Canis lycaon of Miiller (1776), Erxleben 

 (1777), and Schreber (1778). This is the "Black Fox" of Pennant. Mivart 

 (Mon.Canidae, 1890, 4) makes C.lycaon one of the synonyms of the C.lupus^ 

 and Schreber's figure of it (Saugt. iii, pi. 7, Ixxxix.) represents a wolf- 

 like animal. His page reference to a Vulpes nigra of Gesner is wrong, 

 nor can I find any index reference to this name in Gesner's work. 

 Schreber's next reference is to the "Loup noir. Buff". 9, p 362. tab. 41 a.," 

 from whose plate Schreber's wolf-like animal is reproduced. Erxleben 

 and others have added to the confusion by confounding this with the 

 black wolf, giving in some cases the habitat of the fox, a-la-Pennant, with 

 a description both fox-like and wolfish in character. It appears most 

 likely that it originally was the first distinctive name applied to the 

 black variety of the Red American Fox (vid. infra) but owing to its 

 subsequent treatment it is now worse than useless. 



