Class AMPHIBIA 

 Subclass Stegocephala 



Cope, Extinct Batrachia, Aves, and Reptilia of North America, p. 6, 1868 

 (Stegocephali, order). 



Order TEMNOSPONDYLI 



Zittel, Handbuch der Paleontologie, III, 380, 1888. 



Small to laige, terrestrial stegocephalians, especially charac- 

 terized by the large size of the intercentra, and the paired pleuro- 

 centra. Skull with all membrane bones of air-breathing verte- 

 brates; more or less rugose; a parietal foramen present; teeth 

 more or less labyrinthine, attached to premaxillae, maxillae, 

 dentaries, vomers, palatines, and pterygoids; at least two large 

 conical teeth on the palate. Parasphenoid usually large, rarely 

 vestigial; pterygoid vacuities large. From twenty-one to twenty- 

 four ( ?) presacral vertebrae; tail short or moderately long, rhachito- 

 mous or embolomerous, that is, composed of two disks, one bear- 

 ing the chevrons and arch, the other intercalated; chevrons 

 always forming a part of the large intercentrum. Clavicular 

 girdle sometimes large, with rugose markings; at other times 

 smaller and smooth, the interclavicle never with a long posterior 

 stem; a clei thrum always present. Scapula and coracoid fused; 

 a supracoracoid foramen present, as also a supraglenoid. Humerus 

 rarely with entepicondylar foramen. Carpus ossified; hand 

 pentedactylate. Pelvis fully ossified, without puboischiadic vacu- 

 ity; a pubic or obturator foramen piercing the pubes. Tarsus 

 ossified, the intermedium pedis always distinct; at least three 

 ossa centralia; feet pentedactylate. Ventral and dorsal ossifica- 

 tions often present. 



Family Eryopidae 

 Cope, American Naturalist, XVI, 334, 1882. 



Spines of vertebrae simple, or expanded distally, sometimes 

 into a close-fitting or imbricated, more or less dilated, carapace; 



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