GLOSSARY. 477 



ChelonIA.— An order of Reptiles including the Turtles, Tortoises, 

 etc. 



Cirripedes. — An order of Crustaceans including the Barnacles and 

 Acorn-shells. Their young resemble those of many other Crusta- 

 ceans in form ; but when mature they are always attached to other 

 objects, either directly or by means of a stalk, and their bodies are 

 enclosed by a calcareous shell composed of several pieces, two of 

 which can open to give issue to a bunch of curled, jointed tentacles, 

 which represent the limbs. 



Coccus. — The genus of Insects including the Cochineal. In these 

 the male is a minute, winged fly, and the female generally a motion- 

 less, berry-like mass. 



Cocoon. — A case usually of silky material, in which insects are fre- 

 quently enveloped during the second or resting-stage (pupa) of their 

 existence. The term " cocoon-stage " is here used as equivalent to 

 "pupa-stage." 



Ccelospermous. — A term applied to those fruits of the Umbelliferae 

 which have the seed hollowed on the inner face. 



Coleoptera. — Beetles, an order of Insects having a biting mouth and 

 the first pair of wings more or less horny, forming sheaths for the 

 second pair, and usually meeting in a straight line down the 

 middle of the back. 



Column. — A peculiar organ in the flowers of Orchids, in which the 

 stamens, style and stigma (or the reproductive parts) are united. 



Composite or Compositous Plants. — Plants in which the inflores- 

 cence consists of numerous small flowers (florets) brought together 

 into a dense head, the base of which is enclosed by a common 

 envelope. (Examples, the Daisy, Dandelions, etc.) 



Conferv^e. — The filamentous weeds of fresh water. 



Conglomerate. — A rock made up of fragments of rock or pebbles, 

 cemented together by some other material. 



Corolla. — The second envelope of a flower usually composed of col- 

 ored, leaf-like organs (petals), which may be united by their edges 

 either in the basal part or throughout. 



Correlation. — The normal coincidence of one phenomenon, charac- 

 ter, etc., with another. 



Corymb. — A bunch of flowers in which those springing from the 

 lower part of the flower-stalks are supported on long stalks so as to 

 be nearly on a level with the upper ones. 



Cotyledons. — The first or seed-leaves of plants. 



Crustaceans. — A class of articulated animals, having the skin of the 

 body generally more or less hardened by the deposition of calcareous 

 matter, breathing by means of gills. (Examples, Crab, Lobster, 

 Shrimp, etc.) 



Curculio. — The old generic term for the Beetles known as Weevils, 

 characterized by their four jointed feet, and by the head being pro- 

 duced into a sort of beak, upon the sides of which the antennae are 

 inserted. 



Cutaneous. — Of or belonging to the skin. 



Degradation. — The wearing down of land by the action of the sea 



or of meteoric agencies. 

 Denudation. — The wearing away of the surface of the land by 



water. 

 Devonian System or Formation. — A series of Palaeozoic rocks, 



including the Old Red Sandstone. 



