56 Zoological Society. 



slight, and of themselves not sufficient to account for the death of 

 the animal. The brain \vas firm, and its membranes bore no traces 

 of inflammation. The stomach and intestines were also equally free 

 from morbid appearances. The liver was perfectly healthy, which 

 was the more remarkable, as on the third day before death the 

 faces were clay-coloured from a deficiency of bile. The heart was 

 healthy, except that it had two or three patches of organized lymph 

 upon its surface, indicating old inflammation : the pericardium con- 

 tained more than half an ounce of fluid : about four ounces of fluid 

 were also effused in the cavity of the chest, and the cellular tissue of 

 the lungs was gorged with serum, a circumstance which must have 

 occasioned a great obstruction of the circulation. There existed be- 

 fore death evidence of this effusion, in the slow and laboured breath- 

 ing of the animal, as noticed by Mr. Martin, who also states that 

 the pulse was 100 and very feeble, but, as far as he observed, without 

 intermission. No other organ exhibited any lesion of structure ; 

 the lungs and liver were free from tubercles, the developement of 

 which appears to be the most frequent cause of death in animals 

 which, coming from warm countries, have sojourned in our damp 

 climate. The effusion observed may probably be considered as one 

 of the consequences of that debility and exhaustion of the system, 

 produced by a long voyage, improper food, and diarrhoea, which 

 terminated in premature death. 



The general appearance and position of the abdominal viscera in 

 the Orang bear much resemblance to those of the human subject. 

 The stomach is thicker and narrower at its pyloric end, and the vil- 

 lous coat is of less extent. The small intestines are lined by a smooth 

 and uniform membrane, and are without valvulce conniventes. The 

 position of the caecum is the same as in man : to its extremity is at- 

 tached the vermiform appendage, which is wider at its commence- 

 ment ; thus exhibiting as a permanent structure in the Orang, that 

 which in man is a foetal peculiarity. The colon is sacculated, and ap- 

 pears, from the existence of glandules solitaries and from the presence 

 of lacteal glands in the meso-colon, to take a great share in the 

 functions of digestion. The liver generally resembles the human; 

 the gall-bladder is long and tortuous; the pancreas is relatively larger, 

 and the spleen more pointed at its extremities than in man ; the 

 hepatic and pancreatic secretions enter the duodenum separately, but 

 close together. In the structure of the abdominal ring, the Orang 

 recedes further than the Chimpanzee (Simia Troglodytes, L.) from 

 the human type ; the kidneys also differ, and present, like those of 

 the Monkeys generally, only a single papilla. The palate, unlike 

 that of man and of the Chimpanzee, has no pendulous uvula. 



In external form, the brain resembles the human and that of the 

 Chimpanzee : it differs from the brains of other animals in the num- 

 ber and disposition of the lamina; of the cerebellum; in the posterior 

 fissure of that part j and in wanting the transverse band of fibres 

 posterior to thepons Varolii. As compared with that of the Chim- 

 panzee, the medulla oblongata is shorter in proportion, as are also 

 the anterior lobes ; and the cerebellum projects further behind the 



cerebrum. 



