352 Notices respecting New Books. 



it. It seems to indicate that the effects of the deluge were produced 

 at different periods ; as if the water had been liable to great perio- 

 dical ebbing and flowing. I am not aware that any remains of land 

 animals have occurred in this rubbly deposit, near Flamborough, or 

 on the wolds ; but at Hessle it contains the teeth, and bones of the 

 extremities, of horse, ox, and deer, very little worn by attrition. 

 These bones, therefore, belonged to animals residing in the neigh- 

 bourhood; and as they are now covered up by a great thickness of clay 

 and pebbles, derived from a far greater distance, we cannot doubt 

 their antediluvian origin. I think the rubbly layer of chalk and flint 

 fragments is not found on the highest parts of the wold-hills, but has 

 been drifted chiefly to the lower part of their slopes." 



" The thickest and most extensive of the diluvial accumulations in 

 Holderness is a mass of clay and pebbles. In the cliffs north of Brid- 

 lington and at Hessle, it is seen to cover immediately the water- 

 moved rubbly chalk and flint, which lie on the great stratum of chalk. 

 It extends in a connected mass, under nearly all Holderness, forming- 

 most of the hills and 'hard land/ and underlying most of the accu- 

 mulations of gravel and alluvial sediment. In the highest cliffs on 

 this coast, its thickness is not less than one hundred and thirty feet. 

 Its composition is remarkably uniform. We every where observe it 

 to be a solid body of clay, containing fragments of many pre-existent 

 rocks, which vary in magnitude, and in the degree of roundness to 

 which they have been reduced. The fragments are, in general, not so 

 numerous as to touch each other, but are scattered through the clay as 

 plums in H pudding. However, on the top, or in the uppermost part 

 of the deposit, they are sometimes aggregated into distinct layers of 

 gravel, which continue for a short distance, and furnish springs of 

 good water. The rocks from which the fragments appear to have been 

 transported are found, some in Norway, in the highlands of Scotland, 

 and in the mountains of Cumberland j others in the north-western 

 and western parts of Yorkshire, and no inconsiderable portion ap- 

 pears to have come from the sea-coast of Durham, and the neigh- 

 bourhood of Whitby. In proportion to the distance which they have 

 travelled, is the degree of roundness which they have acquired. All 

 the fragments of granite, porphyry, mica slate, and clay slate, which 

 can be compared with no fixed rocks nearer than those of Cumber- 

 land and Westmoreland, are rolled to pebbles ; the angles are worn 

 away from every mass of limestone which has been drifted from the 

 north-western hills of Yorkshire ; but those which have been brought 

 from the nearer points of the chalk range have yielded much less to 

 attrition. Some attention is required to the original hardness of the 

 stones : we find solid masses of ironstone and quartz much less worn 

 than granite j limestone less rounded than millstone grit ; and flint 

 with uninjured angles, whilst chalk and magnesian limestone have 

 lost their original surfaces.". 



The following notices respecting the supposed crag of Holderness 

 are found, pp. 53, 54. 



" Amidst this heterogeneous mass, which indicates such various 

 and violent currents of water, it is remarkable that we find many 



rather 



