52 Geological Society. 



Chalk does not exist in the Carpathians, nor could the author 

 recognise it at Cracow, the limestone of which he refers to the 

 Upper Jurassic, although he states that chalk is found in the plains 

 of Poland, Eastern Gallicia, Podolia, Volhynia, and Southern 

 Russia. 



The tertiary deposits of the countries described, though be- 

 longing to two distinct basins, have everywhere the same cha- 

 racters. The low grounds of Gallicia are supposed to have 

 formed a part of the great basin of Northern Europe, which must 

 have connected the Baltic with the Black Sea, and perhaps with 

 the seas and lakes of Asia. The tertiary beds of Moravia, on the 

 contrary, he considers to have been deposited in an arm of that 

 sea, which must have occupied the great depressions of Hungary 

 and Austria, communicating with the Mediterranean through Ba- 

 varia and Switzerland, inasmuch as these deposits, whether on 

 the North or on the South of the Carpathians, have a common 

 character. The various tertiary groups are identified with those 

 of the sub-Apennines ; the blue marls, and yellow, sandy marls, 

 besides the characteristic shells, contain salt, sulphur, gypsum, 

 &c. ; and in some parts there are freshwater shells, including the 

 My til us of the Danube. In respect to the place of the salt of 

 Wieliczka, the author, differing from MM. von Lill and Keferstein, 

 who had placed it in the Carpathian sandstone, considers it to be 

 of tertiary age, because it is associated with sub-Apennine shells, 

 and is connected with upper marine sandstone, and limestone. 



Above the blue saliferous marls is a vast extent of molasse with 

 Pectens, Ostreae, and many fossil vegetables. The beds of this de- 

 posit are highly inclined along the foot of the Carpathians. At 

 Nicholschitz and Krepitz in Moravia, and at Zazlusin and Dobro- 

 mil in Gallicia, it is represented by marly, siliceous deposits, with 

 semiopal, and fishes, as well as Hymenopterous, Dipterous, and 

 Coleopterous insects. 



The sandy banks, with Ostreae and Cerithii, which abound in 

 Moravia, Hungary and Gallicia, are referred to an age interme- 

 diate between the blue saliferous marl and the molasse just de- 

 scribed, and are considered to be older than the conglomerates 

 and coral limestone of Austria. 



The older alluvium of these districts, and particularly that of the 

 valley of the Oder, besides boulders and gravel, contains, existing 

 species of fresh-water shells mixed in beds of marl with bones of ex- 

 tinct animals and fossils. 



Of basaltic rocks, the cone of Randenberg is scoriaceous, and has 

 been protruded through grauwacke. Near Barrow a felspathose 

 rock has pierced the Carpathic sandstone, converting it into jaspi- 

 deous rocks resembling those of the Giant's Causeway, and the 

 IsleofSkye,&c. 



The author refers to M. Beudant for full particulars of the tra- 

 chyte, but begs to distinguish certain trachytic conglomerates, as 

 being of aqueous origin, from the trachytic or igneous breccia. 



An original "manuscript" Map of all the districts described in the 



previo us 



