Zoological Society. 225 



a few hours, and (he body being still warm. The same appearance 

 had been not unfrequently observed by Mr. Spooner, the Veteri- 

 nary Surgeon of the establishment, in animals worn out by linger- 

 ing chronic disease. On examining the lungs, their cellular struc- 

 ture was found completely obliterated, except in one small portion, 

 where alone any oxygenation of the blood could have taken place. 

 They presented a dark appearance on the surface, with a hardness 

 or density of structure which must have resulted from long-conti- 

 nued inflammation. They were also studded with tubercles. On 

 cutting into them, purulent matter oozed from the incision, and 

 several abscesses, though not large, were discovered. The liver 

 was dark, and so soft as to break down with the slightest touch. 

 The spleen presented no decided trace of disease. The intestines 

 adjacent to the liver were tinged with a dark and somewhat purplish 

 hue ; but although distended with air presented nothing remark- 

 able. The stomach contained only a little bile and mucus. 



The muscles generally were pale and flabby, as might have been 

 anticipated, where a chronic disease had wasted the vital energies, 

 and where the blood, impeded in its passage through the lungs, had 

 long ceased to be sufficiently oxygenated. 



Mr. Owen commenced the reading of his account of the Myology 

 of the Simla Satyrus, L. He confined himself to the notice of 

 such muscles as are peculiar to that animal, and have not any ana- 

 logues in the human frame ; of those which, if analogous, deviate 

 remarkably in their proportions and attachments; and lastly, of 

 such as have been considered as of doubtful existence in the Orang. 



The occipito-frontalis, which escaped the observation of Tyson 

 and Dr. Traill (Wernerian Trans, iii.) in the Chimpanzee, and which 

 some physiologists have asserted to be peculiar to man, is distinctly 

 developed in the Orang Utan. Portions of this muscle were also 

 found on the head of a Chimpanzee that had been flayed with great 

 care, the rest having been removed with the scalp, to which the 

 tendinous part closely adheres. 



The following muscles of the face were described, corrugator 

 supercilii, levator labii superioris alceque nasi, levator anguli oris, 

 zygomaticus major, depressor anguli oris, orbicularis palpebrarum 

 and orbicularis oris. On reflecting the inner membrane of the lips, 

 the depressores labii superioris and levatores labii inferioris were 

 found of considerable breadth and strongly developed : their action 

 in protruding the lips in a conical form has been frequently noticed 

 by those who have had opportunities of observing the living animal, 



The platysma myoides is of greater extent than in the human 

 subject, and some of the fibres have a different direction, bearing a 

 greater resemblance to the cervical portion of the panniculus carno- 

 sus in some quadrupeds, as the Beaver and Guinea-pig. 



The muscles of mastication, and the articulation of the lower jaw 

 were described. 



The digaxtricus has not any connection with the os hyoides, the 

 anterior fleshy portion being altogether wanting in the Orang Utan. 

 It is inserted by a strong round tendon into the angle of the lower 



N. S. Vol. 9. No. 51. March 1831. 2 G jaw. 



