GA8TEROPODOU8 MOLLUSCA OF BERWICKSHIRE. 26? 



larger than the penultimate ; aperture round, the margin disjoined on 

 the body-whorl, thin ; operculum circular, horny. Zoophagout. 



1. T. terebra, shell white or pale brown, spirally ridged with fine 

 decussated strise in the interstices ; whorls from twelve to sixteen, 

 rounded, tapered to a point ; aperture round, the outer lip very 

 thin. Length 1 inch ; breadth T ^ths. Flem. Br. Anim. 302. 

 Turbo terebra. Linn. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. 308. tab. 84. fig. 4. 

 Hal. Berwick Bay, in deep water. 



11. LITTORINA. FERUSSAC. 



Shell oval, rarely subglobular, thick, the body-whorl occupying at 

 least one-half of the length, non-umbih'cate ; aperture roundish, the 

 margin sharp-edged, disjoined on the body ; pillar flattened ; opercu- 

 lum horny, with few volutions increasing rapidly in width, its nucleus 

 lateral. 



1. L. littorea, shell ovate -acute, thick, spirally striated, greyish with 

 numerous brown spiral lines ; whorls six, nearly even, the su- 

 perior small and ill defined; pillar white, the throat brown. 

 Length ly^ths; breadth T 8 ths. Turbo littoreus, Lin. Dillw. 

 Rec. Sh. 817. Flem. Br. Anim. 298. 



JIab. Berwick Bay, very common between tide marks. 



In our bay L. littorea is subject to very little variety, but it occasionally oc- 

 curs of a uniform hyacinth-red colour. The outer lip before matunty is 

 thin, and marked with dark scores, but it ultimately grows thicker and 

 white. The operculum is horny, ovate, pointed above, darker coloured 

 and spirally twisted near the centre, the margin thin and membranous. 



The animal is beautifully marked with black spots and lines disposed trans- 

 versely, and forming a sort of network on the sides. Mouth shortly 

 proboscidiform, furnished with a pair of triangular thick subcorneous 

 jaws, and a narrow ribbon-like tongue rolled up spirally, and when ex- 

 tended upwards of an inch long : it is marked across with numerous 

 denticulated striae, and has a broad membrane at the base. Tentacula 

 two, dorsal, tapered, somewhat compressed, contractile, spotted : eyes 

 smnll, inserted into an indenture near their dilated bases : cloak with a 

 plain continuous pale-yellow margin : branchiae in a single long pec- 

 tinate process adnate to the left side : rectum on the opposite side, large, 

 with a prominent narrow orifice. Sexes separate ; the penis of the male 

 originating under the right tentaculnm, large, tapering from a broad base 

 to a point, a little compressed, retroflected. Foot white, oval, short, with 

 plain margins. I have seen a specimen in which the tentacula were di- 

 vided into two branches. 



The snail, when washed and boiled, is eaten by children, and sometimes by 

 the common people. Of late years great numbers have been exported 

 from our coasts to the London market, where they find a ready ale : 

 " The periwinkle, prawn, the cockle and the shrimp, 

 For wanton women's taste or for weak stomachs bought !" 



DBAYTOJC. 



2. L. rudis y shell ovate, ventricose, obscurely striated in a spiral 

 direction ; whorls five, rounded, well defined by the suture ; pillar 



