GASTEROPODOUS MOLLUSCA OF BERWICKSHIRE. 269 



pointed spire, glossy-black, smooth ; whorls five, almost even ; 

 aperture roundish, uniform dark glossy purple, the lip thin, the 

 pillar rounded below, flat, and brought to an edge. Lengths fgths ; 

 breadth j^ths. Turbo petncus, Dillw. Rec. Sh. 820. Helix 

 petnea, Mont. Test. Brit. 403. 



JIab. On rocks at high water mark, not common. 



The colour of the shell is frequently obscured with extraneous matter, but its 

 total want of spiral striec suffices to distinguish it from all the preceding, 

 were the other characters less discriminative than they really are, for 

 this is a very distinct species. The base of the body -whorl is often white. 

 Snail black with setaceous white tentacula, the eyes at their swollen 

 bases : mouth proboscidiform, and, during its progress in water, the ani- 

 mal is continually protruding and retracting the tongue : foot short, broad, 

 plain, very obtuse behind, pellucid white with a milk-white band across 

 the front. 



5. L. neritoides, shell subglobular, variously coloured, smooth or very 

 faintly striated ; whorls five, those of the spire small and depress- 

 ed ; throat of the aperture brown, the pillar pale. Length j^ths; 

 breadth ^jths. Forbes, Faun. Mon. 19. Nerita littoralis, Penn. 

 Brit. Zool. iv. 346, tab. 90. fig. 3. Dillw. Rec. Sh. 989. Turbo 

 retusus et neritoides, Lam. Anim. s. Vert. vii. 48. 



Hal. Berwick Bay, between tide marks, common. 



The colour of the shell is commonly yellowish-brown, olive, or vellow, plain 

 or banded, but many specimens are purplish-brown and prettily tesselated. 

 These are reckoned by some to be a distinct species. The animal is 

 essentially the same with L. littorea, but of a yellowish colour and un- 

 spotted, excepting a few minute specks on the sides and under the right 

 tentaculum. Penis with a longish suddenly acuminated point, and the 

 outer side of the broad part is roughened with granulations arranged in 

 three rows. 



On the 26th of November 1836, \v Inch was a fine day for the season and 

 rather warm, and which had been preceded by two or three weeks of 

 wet stormy weather, I visited our shore, and found that the animals were 

 very active, creeping about with the head and tentacula more than usually 

 protruded. From their unusual activity, and a certain indescribable bustle 

 about them, my curiosity was roused to a more attentive examination, 

 and I soon ascertained that they were busied in the great work of pro- 

 creating their race. Several pairs were detected in connection, the male 

 resting on the shell of the female : the yellow were coupled indiscrimi- 

 nately with yellow or with the olive coloured, and sometimes a small 

 immature one with one full grown and aged. 



This species is oviparous, and the spawn is deposited in spring on sea- weeds, 

 particularly on Fucus vesiculosus and serratus, in roundish gelatinous 

 masses about half an inch in diameter, and studded over with the im- 

 bedded ova. These lie without any certain order in the common mass, 

 but each has its own separate cell, of a sub-hexaagular figure ; and in 

 the centre of the individual eggs, the young are perceptible, like in every 

 respect to their parent. 



6. L. Ulwe, shell conical, rather thick, yellowish-brown, smooth; 

 whorls seven, nearly flat ; aperture ovate, reflected on the pillar 

 forming a slight fissure at the base, Lenth f ths. Turbo Ulvae, 



