EARLY AWAKENING OF BIRDS. 199 



ZO a vertical circle in the sphere of the stars ; now 

 to a person at A, if the moon appear at M, its appar- 

 ent place in the heavens will be at B, but if viewed 



from the centre, its true place will be at D, as appears 

 by the lines AB and CD ; now the difference of those 

 places, measured by the arc BD, is termed its parallax 

 in altitude. 



But if the moon be in the sensible horizon at G, its 

 apparent place will be at N, and its true place as seen 

 from the centre at E, as is evident by the lines AN and 

 CE ; the difference of those measured by the arc NE, 

 is called the horizontal parallax. 



W. S. H. 



EARLY AWAKENING OF BIRDS. 



At one period of my life, being an early waker and 

 riser, my attention was frequently drawn " to songs of 

 rarliest birds;" and I always observed that these 

 creatures appeared abroad at very different periods as 

 the light advanced. The rook is perhaps the first to 

 salute opening morn ; but this bird seems rather to rest 

 than to sleep. Always vigilant, the least alarm after 

 retirement rouses instantly the whole assemblage, not 



